Merge pull request #116 from jetzig-framework/params-helpers

Params helpers
2025-05-14 14:06:08 +00:00 · 2024-11-17 19:56:09 +00:00 · 2024-11-17 19:56:09 +00:00 · d054e58fa0
commit d054e58fa0
parent c156dbeeaa 78b6938530
19 changed files with 555 additions and 124 deletions
--- a/build.zig.zon
+++ b/build.zig.zon
@ -7,20 +7,20 @@
            .hash = "1220d0e8734628fd910a73146e804d10a3269e3e7d065de6bb0e3e88d5ba234eb163",
        },
        .zmpl = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/zmpl/archive/369193322cc572197b57a1a2cebd85b317bf92c4.tar.gz",
-            .hash = "12205982592aa38f37bba8d7410f62263827a49b350c1029a2eb79e8cc12b7247e9c",
+            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/zmpl/archive/7b7452bc7fdb0bd2f8a6a9c4e9312900b486aeba.tar.gz",
+            .hash = "1220ed127f38fa51df53a85b3cc2030a7555e34058db7fd374ebaef817abb43d35f7",
        },
        .jetkv = .{
            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/jetkv/archive/2b1130a48979ea2871c8cf6ca89c38b1e7062839.tar.gz",
            .hash = "12201d75d73aad5e1c996de4d5ae87a00e58479c8d469bc2eeb5fdeeac8857bc09af",
        },
        .jetquery = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/jetquery/archive/91ab3139ff7914d9bf40b7a08d7b120bac7a2c7d.tar.gz",
-            .hash = "1220f1473c69e2b3fbdfc61860a451d1729f384e31097c32acdd3c54054e94387000",
+            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/jetquery/archive/a31db467c4af1c97bc7c806e1cc1a81a39162954.tar.gz",
+            .hash = "12203af0466ccc3a9ab57fcdf57c92c57989fa7e827d81bc98d0a5787d65402c73c3",
        },
        .jetcommon = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/jetcommon/archive/a248776ba56d6cc2b160d593ac3305756adcd26e.tar.gz",
-            .hash = "1220a61e8650f84b28baf31fae5da31712aec4b711b3a41d11ed07c908bac96648d8",
+            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/jetcommon/archive/86f24cfdf2aaa0e8ada4539a6edef882708ced2b.tar.gz",
+            .hash = "12200439fc28aa7fa08f0e8fea100f6724c34c9dbfaaae4feec482c80e5ac08ea4f6",
        },
        .args = .{
            .url = "https://github.com/ikskuh/zig-args/archive/0abdd6947a70e6d8cc83b66228cea614aa856206.tar.gz",
--- a/cli/build.zig.zon
+++ b/cli/build.zig.zon
@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
            .hash = "1220411a8c46d95bbf3b6e2059854bcb3c5159d428814099df5294232b9980517e9c",
        },
        .jetquery = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/jetquery/archive/91ab3139ff7914d9bf40b7a08d7b120bac7a2c7d.tar.gz",
-            .hash = "1220f1473c69e2b3fbdfc61860a451d1729f384e31097c32acdd3c54054e94387000",
+            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/jetquery/archive/a31db467c4af1c97bc7c806e1cc1a81a39162954.tar.gz",
+            .hash = "12203af0466ccc3a9ab57fcdf57c92c57989fa7e827d81bc98d0a5787d65402c73c3",
        },
    },
    .paths = .{
--- a/cli/commands/generate/view.zig
+++ b/cli/commands/generate/view.zig
@ -116,9 +116,8 @@ fn parseAction(arg: []const u8) ?Action {
 fn writeAction(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, writer: anytype, action: Action) !void {
    const function = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
        allocator,
-        \\pub fn {s}({s}request: *jetzig.{s}, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {{
-        \\    _ = data;{s}
-        \\    return request.render({s});
+        \\pub fn {s}({s}request: *jetzig.{s}) !jetzig.View {{
+        \\    {s}return request.render({s});
        \\}}
        \\
        \\
@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ fn writeAction(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, writer: anytype, action: Action) !v
            if (action.static) "StaticRequest" else "Request",
            switch (action.method) {
                .index, .post, .new => "",
-                .get, .put, .patch, .delete => "\n    _ = id;",
+                .get, .put, .patch, .delete => "_ = id;\n    ",
            },
            switch (action.method) {
                .index, .get, .new => ".ok",
--- a/demo/src/app/views/params.zig
+++ b/demo/src/app/views/params.zig
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const jetzig = @import("jetzig");
+
+pub fn post(request: *jetzig.Request) !jetzig.View {
+    const Params = struct {
+        // Required param - `expectParams` returns `null` if not present:
+        name: []const u8,
+        // Enum params are converted from string, `expectParams` returns `null` if no match:
+        favorite_animal: enum { cat, dog, raccoon },
+        // Optional params are not required. Numbers are coerced from strings. `expectParams`
+        // returns `null` if a type coercion fails.
+        age: ?u8 = 100,
+    };
+    const params = try request.expectParams(Params) orelse {
+        // Inspect information about the failed params with `request.paramsInfo()`:
+        // std.debug.print("{?}\n", .{try request.paramsInfo()});
+        return request.fail(.unprocessable_entity);
+    };
+
+    var root = try request.data(.object);
+    try root.put("info", params);
+
+    return request.render(.created);
+}
+
+test "post query params" {
+    var app = try jetzig.testing.app(std.testing.allocator, @import("routes"));
+    defer app.deinit();
+
+    const response1 = try app.request(.POST, "/params", .{
+        .params = .{
+            .name = "Bob",
+            .favorite_animal = "raccoon",
+        },
+    });
+    try response1.expectStatus(.created);
+
+    const response2 = try app.request(.POST, "/params", .{
+        .params = .{
+            .name = "Bob",
+            .favorite_animal = "platypus",
+        },
+    });
+    try response2.expectStatus(.unprocessable_entity);
+}
+
+test "post json" {
+    var app = try jetzig.testing.app(std.testing.allocator, @import("routes"));
+    defer app.deinit();
+
+    const response1 = try app.request(.POST, "/params", .{
+        .json = .{
+            .name = "Bob",
+            .favorite_animal = "raccoon",
+        },
+    });
+    try response1.expectJson("$.info.name", "Bob");
+    try response1.expectJson("$.info.favorite_animal", "raccoon");
+    try response1.expectJson("$.info.age", 100);
+
+    const response2 = try app.request(.POST, "/params", .{
+        .json = .{
+            .name = "Hercules",
+            .favorite_animal = "cat",
+            .age = 11,
+        },
+    });
+    try response2.expectJson("$.info.name", "Hercules");
+    try response2.expectJson("$.info.favorite_animal", "cat");
+    try response2.expectJson("$.info.age", 11);
+
+    const response3 = try app.request(.POST, "/params", .{
+        .json = .{
+            .name = "Hercules",
+            .favorite_animal = "platypus",
+            .age = 11,
+        },
+    });
+    try response3.expectStatus(.unprocessable_entity);
+}
--- a/demo/src/app/views/params/post.zmpl
+++ b/demo/src/app/views/params/post.zmpl
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<div>
+  <span>Content goes here</span>
+</div>
--- a/src/Routes.zig
+++ b/src/Routes.zig
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const Function = struct {
    path: []const u8,
    source: []const u8,
    params: std.ArrayList([]const u8),
+    legacy: bool = false,
    static: bool = false,

    /// The full name of a route. This **must** match the naming convention used by static route
@ -179,7 +180,6 @@ pub fn generateRoutes(self: *Routes) ![]const u8 {
    );

    return try self.buffer.toOwnedSlice();
-    // std.debug.print("routes.zig\n{s}\n", .{self.buffer.items});
 }

 pub fn relativePathFrom(
@ -232,7 +232,10 @@ fn writeRoutes(self: *Routes, writer: anytype) !void {
        const realpath = try dir.realpathAlloc(self.allocator, entry.path);
        defer self.allocator.free(realpath);

-        const view_routes = try self.generateRoutesForView(dir, try self.allocator.dupe(u8, realpath));
+        const view_routes = try self.generateRoutesForView(
+            dir,
+            try self.allocator.dupe(u8, realpath),
+        );

        for (view_routes.static) |view_route| {
            try self.static_routes.append(view_route);
@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ fn writeRoute(self: *Routes, writer: std.ArrayList(u8).Writer, route: Function)
        \\            .name = "{0s}",
        \\            .action = .{1s},
        \\            .view_name = "{2s}",
-        \\            .view = jetzig.Route.ViewType{{ .{3s} = .{{ .{1s} = @import("{7s}").{1s} }} }},
+        \\            .view = jetzig.Route.View{{ .{3s} = @import("{7s}").{1s} }},
        \\            .path = "{7s}",
        \\            .static = {4s},
        \\            .uri_path = "{5s}",
@ -296,6 +299,36 @@ fn writeRoute(self: *Routes, writer: std.ArrayList(u8).Writer, route: Function)
        &[_][]const u8{ view_name, "/", route.name },
    );

+    const with_id = std.StaticStringMap(bool).initComptime(.{
+        .{ "index", false },
+        .{ "post", false },
+        .{ "new", false },
+        .{ "get", true },
+        .{ "edit", true },
+        .{ "put", true },
+        .{ "patch", true },
+        .{ "delete", true },
+    }).get(route.name).?;
+
+    const tag = if (!route.legacy and !route.static and with_id)
+        "with_id"
+    else if (!route.legacy and !route.static and !with_id)
+        "without_id"
+    else if (!route.legacy and route.static and with_id)
+        "static_with_id"
+    else if (!route.legacy and route.static and !with_id)
+        "static_without_id"
+    else if (route.legacy and !route.static and with_id)
+        "legacy_with_id"
+    else if (route.legacy and !route.static and !with_id)
+        "legacy_without_id"
+    else if (route.legacy and route.static and with_id)
+        "legacy_static_with_id"
+    else if (route.legacy and route.static and !with_id)
+        "legacy_static_without_id"
+    else
+        unreachable;
+
    std.mem.replaceScalar(u8, module_path, '\\', '/');
    try self.module_paths.append(try self.allocator.dupe(u8, module_path));

@ -305,7 +338,7 @@ fn writeRoute(self: *Routes, writer: std.ArrayList(u8).Writer, route: Function)
        full_name,
        route.name,
        view_name,
-        if (route.static) "static" else "dynamic",
+        tag,
        if (route.static) "true" else "false",
        uri_path,
        template,
@ -325,7 +358,14 @@ const RouteSet = struct {

 fn generateRoutesForView(self: *Routes, dir: std.fs.Dir, path: []const u8) !RouteSet {
    const stat = try dir.statFile(path);
-    const source = try dir.readFileAllocOptions(self.allocator, path, @intCast(stat.size), null, @alignOf(u8), 0);
+    const source = try dir.readFileAllocOptions(
+        self.allocator,
+        path,
+        @intCast(stat.size),
+        null,
+        @alignOf(u8),
+        0,
+    );
    defer self.allocator.free(source);

    self.ast = try std.zig.Ast.parse(self.allocator, source, .zig);
@ -336,15 +376,25 @@ fn generateRoutesForView(self: *Routes, dir: std.fs.Dir, path: []const u8) !Rout

    for (self.ast.nodes.items(.tag), 0..) |tag, index| {
        switch (tag) {
-            .fn_proto_multi => {
-                const function = try self.parseFunction(index, path, source);
+            .fn_proto_multi, .fn_proto_one, .fn_proto_simple => |function_tag| {
+                var function = try self.parseFunction(function_tag, index, path, source);
                if (function) |*capture| {
-                    for (capture.args) |arg| {
+                    if (capture.args.len == 0) {
+                        std.debug.print(
+                            "Expected at least 1 argument for view function `{s}` in `{s}`",
+                            .{ capture.name, path },
+                        );
+                        return error.JetzigMissingViewArgument;
+                    }
+
+                    for (capture.args, 0..) |arg, arg_index| {
                        if (std.mem.eql(u8, try arg.typeBasename(), "StaticRequest")) {
-                            @constCast(capture).static = true;
+                            capture.static = true;
+                            capture.legacy = arg_index + 1 < capture.args.len;
                            try static_routes.append(capture.*);
-                        }
-                        if (std.mem.eql(u8, try arg.typeBasename(), "Request")) {
+                        } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, try arg.typeBasename(), "Request")) {
+                            capture.static = false;
+                            capture.legacy = arg_index + 1 < capture.args.len;
                            try dynamic_routes.append(capture.*);
                        }
                    }
@ -529,14 +579,21 @@ fn isStaticParamsDecl(self: *Routes, decl: std.zig.Ast.full.VarDecl) bool {

 fn parseFunction(
    self: *Routes,
+    function_type: std.zig.Ast.Node.Tag,
    index: usize,
    path: []const u8,
    source: []const u8,
 ) !?Function {
-    const fn_proto = self.ast.fnProtoMulti(@as(u32, @intCast(index)));
+    var buf: [1]std.zig.Ast.Node.Index = undefined;
+
+    const fn_proto = switch (function_type) {
+        .fn_proto_multi => self.ast.fnProtoMulti(@as(u32, @intCast(index))),
+        .fn_proto_one => self.ast.fnProtoOne(&buf, @as(u32, @intCast(index))),
+        .fn_proto_simple => self.ast.fnProtoSimple(&buf, @as(u32, @intCast(index))),
+        else => unreachable,
+    };
    if (fn_proto.name_token) |token| {
        const function_name = try self.allocator.dupe(u8, self.ast.tokenSlice(token));
-        var it = fn_proto.iterate(&self.ast);
        var args = std.ArrayList(Arg).init(self.allocator);
        defer args.deinit();

@ -545,6 +602,7 @@ fn parseFunction(
            return null;
        }

+        var it = fn_proto.iterate(&self.ast);
        while (it.next()) |arg| {
            if (arg.name_token) |arg_token| {
                const arg_name = self.ast.tokenSlice(arg_token);
--- a/src/jetzig/App.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/App.zig
@ -166,6 +166,9 @@ pub fn route(
    @memcpy(&view_name, module_name);
    std.mem.replaceScalar(u8, &view_name, '.', '/');

+    const args_fields = std.meta.fields(std.meta.ArgsTuple(@TypeOf(viewFn)));
+    const legacy = args_fields.len > 0 and args_fields[args_fields.len - 1].type == *jetzig.Data;
+
    self.custom_routes.append(.{
        .id = "custom",
        .name = member,
@ -175,9 +178,18 @@ pub fn route(
        .uri_path = path,
        .layout = if (@hasDecl(module, "layout")) module.layout else null,
        .view = comptime switch (viewType(path)) {
-            .with_id => .{ .custom = .{ .with_id = viewFn } },
-            .with_args => .{ .custom = .{ .with_args = viewFn } },
-            .without_id => .{ .custom = .{ .without_id = viewFn } },
+            .with_id => if (legacy)
+                .{ .legacy_with_id = viewFn }
+            else
+                .{ .with_id = viewFn },
+            .without_id => if (legacy)
+                .{ .legacy_without_id = viewFn }
+            else
+                .{ .without_id = viewFn },
+            .with_args => if (legacy)
+                .{ .legacy_with_args = viewFn }
+            else
+                .{ .with_args = viewFn },
        },
        .template = self.allocator.dupe(u8, &template) catch @panic("OOM"),
        .json_params = &.{},
--- a/src/jetzig/colors.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/colors.zig
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const builtin = @import("builtin");

 const types = @import("types.zig");
+const jetzig = @import("../jetzig.zig");

 // Must be consistent with `std.io.tty.Color` for Windows compatibility.
 pub const codes = .{
@ -108,6 +109,8 @@ pub fn colorize(color: std.io.tty.Color, buf: []u8, input: []const u8, is_colori
 }

 fn wrap(comptime attribute: []const u8, comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    if (comptime jetzig.environment == .production) return message;
+
    return codes.escape ++ attribute ++ message ++ codes.escape ++ codes.reset;
 }

--- a/src/jetzig/http.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/http.zig
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ pub const status_codes = @import("http/status_codes.zig");
 pub const StatusCode = status_codes.StatusCode;
 pub const middleware = @import("http/middleware.zig");
 pub const mime = @import("http/mime.zig");
+pub const params = @import("http/params.zig");

 pub const SimplifiedRequest = struct {
    location: ?[]const u8,
--- a/src/jetzig/http/Query.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/http/Query.zig
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn parse(self: *Query) !void {
                    else => return error.JetzigQueryParseError,
                }
            } else {
-                var array = try self.data.createArray();
+                var array = try jetzig.zmpl.Data.createArray(self.data.allocator());
                try array.append(self.dataValue(item.value));
                try params.put(key, array);
            }
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn parse(self: *Query) !void {
                    else => return error.JetzigQueryParseError,
                }
            } else {
-                var object = try self.data.createObject();
+                var object = try jetzig.zmpl.Data.createObject(self.data.allocator());
                try object.put(mapping.field, self.dataValue(item.value));
                try params.put(mapping.key, object);
            }
--- a/src/jetzig/http/Request.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/http/Request.zig
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ status_code: jetzig.http.status_codes.StatusCode = .not_found,
 response_data: *jetzig.data.Data,
 query_params: ?*jetzig.http.Query = null,
 query_body: ?*jetzig.http.Query = null,
+_params_info: ?jetzig.http.params.ParamsInfo = null,
 multipart: ?jetzig.http.MultipartQuery = null,
 parsed_multipart: ?*jetzig.data.Data = null,
 _cookies: ?*jetzig.http.Cookies = null,
@ -172,6 +173,15 @@ pub fn respond(self: *Request) !void {
    self.httpz_response.body = self.response.content;
 }

+/// Set the root value for response data.
+/// ```zig
+/// var root = request.data(.object)
+/// var root = request.data(.array)
+/// ```
+pub fn data(self: Request, comptime root: @TypeOf(.enum_literal)) !*jetzig.Data.Value {
+    return try self.response_data.root(root);
+}
+
 /// Render a response. This function can only be called once per request (repeat calls will
 /// trigger an error).
 pub fn render(self: *Request, status_code: jetzig.http.status_codes.StatusCode) jetzig.views.View {
@ -330,20 +340,46 @@ pub fn params(self: *Request) !*jetzig.data.Value {
        .JSON => {
            if (self.body.len == 0) return self.queryParams();

-            var data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
-            data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
-            data.fromJson(self.body) catch |err| {
+            var params_data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
+            params_data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
+            params_data.fromJson(self.body) catch |err| {
                switch (err) {
                    error.SyntaxError, error.UnexpectedEndOfInput => return error.JetzigBodyParseError,
                    else => return err,
                }
            };
-            return data.value.?;
+            return params_data.value.?;
        },
        .HTML, .UNKNOWN => return self.parseQuery(),
    }
 }

+/// Expect params that match a struct defined by `T`. If any required params are missing (or
+/// cannot be matched to an enum param) then `null` is returned, otherwise a new `T` is returned
+/// with values populated from matched params.
+/// In both cases, `request.paramsInfo()` returns a hashmap keyed by all fields specified by `T`
+/// and with values of `ParamInfo`.
+/// A field in `T` can be an `enum`. In this case, if the param is a string (always true for
+/// query params) then it is coerced to the target enum type if possible.
+pub fn expectParams(self: *Request, T: type) !?T {
+    return try jetzig.http.params.expectParams(self, T);
+}
+
+/// Information about request parameters after a call to `request.expectParams`. Call
+/// `request.paramsInfo()` to initialize.
+///
+/// Use `get` to fetch information about a specific param.
+///
+/// ```zig
+/// const params = try request.expectParams(struct { foo: []const u8 });
+/// const params_info = try request.paramsInfo();
+/// const foo_info = params_info.get("foo");
+/// ```
+pub fn paramsInfo(self: Request) !?jetzig.http.params.ParamsInfo {
+    const params_info = self._params_info orelse return null;
+    return try params_info.init(self.allocator);
+}
+
 /// Retrieve a file from a `multipart/form-data`-encoded request body, if present.
 pub fn file(self: *Request, name: []const u8) !?jetzig.http.File {
    _ = try self.parseQuery();
@ -359,13 +395,13 @@ pub fn file(self: *Request, name: []const u8) !?jetzig.http.File {
 pub fn queryParams(self: *Request) !*jetzig.data.Value {
    if (self.query_params) |parsed| return parsed.data.value.?;

-    const data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
-    data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
+    const params_data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
+    params_data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
    self.query_params = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.http.Query);
    self.query_params.?.* = jetzig.http.Query.init(
        self.allocator,
        self.path.query orelse "",
-        data,
+        params_data,
    );
    try self.query_params.?.parse();
    return self.query_params.?.data.value.?;
@ -390,13 +426,13 @@ fn parseQuery(self: *Request) !*jetzig.data.Value {
        return self.parsed_multipart.?.value.?;
    }

-    const data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
-    data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
+    const params_data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
+    params_data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
    self.query_body = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.http.Query);
    self.query_body.?.* = jetzig.http.Query.init(
        self.allocator,
        self.body,
-        data,
+        params_data,
    );

    try self.query_body.?.parse();
@ -692,12 +728,17 @@ pub fn match(self: *Request, route: jetzig.views.Route) !bool {
    };
 }

-fn isMatch(self: *Request, match_type: enum { exact, resource_id }, route: jetzig.views.Route) bool {
+fn isMatch(
+    self: *Request,
+    match_type: enum { exact, resource_id },
+    route: jetzig.views.Route,
+) bool {
    const path = switch (match_type) {
        .exact => self.path.base_path,
        .resource_id => self.path.directory,
    };

+    // Special case for `/foobar/1/new` -> render `new()`
    if (route.action == .get and std.mem.eql(u8, self.path.resource_id, "new")) return false;

    return std.mem.eql(u8, path, route.uri_path);
--- a/src/jetzig/http/Server.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/http/Server.zig
@ -567,7 +567,9 @@ fn matchMiddlewareRoute(request: *const jetzig.http.Request) ?jetzig.middleware.
 fn matchRoute(self: *Server, request: *jetzig.http.Request, static: bool) !?jetzig.views.Route {
    for (self.routes) |route| {
        // .index routes always take precedence.
-        if (route.static == static and route.action == .index and try request.match(route.*)) return route.*;
+        if (route.static == static and route.action == .index and try request.match(route.*)) {
+            return route.*;
+        }
    }

    for (self.routes) |route| {
--- a/src/jetzig/http/params.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/http/params.zig
@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const jetzig = @import("../../jetzig.zig");
+
+/// See `Request.expectParams`.
+pub fn expectParams(request: *jetzig.http.Request, T: type) !?T {
+    const actual_params = try request.params();
+
+    var t: T = undefined;
+
+    const fields = std.meta.fields(T);
+    var statuses: [fields.len]ParamInfo = undefined;
+    var failed = false;
+
+    inline for (fields, 0..) |field, index| {
+        if (actual_params.get(field.name)) |value| {
+            switch (@typeInfo(field.type)) {
+                .optional => |info| if (value.coerce(info.child)) |coerced| {
+                    @field(t, field.name) = coerced;
+                    statuses[index] = .{ .present = value.* };
+                } else |err| {
+                    failed = true;
+                    statuses[index] = .{ .failed = .{ .err = err, .value = value.* } };
+                },
+                // coerce value to target type, null on coerce error (e.g. numeric expected)
+                else => {
+                    if (value.coerce(field.type)) |coerced| {
+                        @field(t, field.name) = coerced;
+                        statuses[index] = .{ .present = value.* };
+                    } else |err| {
+                        failed = true;
+                        statuses[index] = .{ .failed = .{ .err = err, .value = value.* } };
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        } else if (@typeInfo(field.type) == .optional) {
+            // if no matching param found and params struct provides a default value, use it,
+            // otherwise set value to null
+            @field(t, field.name) = if (field.default_value) |default_value|
+                @as(*field.type, @ptrCast(@alignCast(@constCast(default_value)))).*
+            else
+                null;
+            statuses[index] = .blank;
+            // We don't set `failed = true` here because optional values are not required.
+        } else {
+            statuses[index] = .blank;
+            failed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    request._params_info = .{
+        .fields = try std.BoundedArray([]const u8, 1024).init(@intCast(fields.len)),
+        .params = try std.BoundedArray(ParamInfo, 1024).init(@intCast(fields.len)),
+        .required = try std.BoundedArray(bool, 1024).init(@intCast(fields.len)),
+    };
+    inline for (fields, 0..) |field, index| {
+        request._params_info.?.fields.set(index, field.name);
+        request._params_info.?.params.set(index, statuses[index]);
+        request._params_info.?.required.set(index, @typeInfo(field.type) != .optional);
+    }
+
+    if (failed) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    return t;
+}
+
+/// See `Request.paramsInfo`.
+pub const ParamsInfo = struct {
+    params: std.BoundedArray(ParamInfo, 1024),
+    fields: std.BoundedArray([]const u8, 1024),
+    required: std.BoundedArray(bool, 1024),
+    state: enum { initial, ready } = .initial,
+    hashmap: std.StringHashMap(ParamInfo) = undefined,
+
+    pub fn init(self: ParamsInfo, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !ParamsInfo {
+        var hashmap = std.StringHashMap(ParamInfo).init(allocator);
+        try hashmap.ensureTotalCapacity(@intCast(self.params.len));
+        for (self.fields.constSlice(), self.params.constSlice()) |field, param_info| {
+            hashmap.putAssumeCapacity(field, param_info);
+        }
+        return .{
+            .params = self.params,
+            .fields = self.fields,
+            .required = self.required,
+            .hashmap = hashmap,
+            .state = .ready,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Get a information about a param. Provides param status (present/blank/failed) and
+    /// original values. See `ParamInfo`.
+    pub fn get(self: ParamsInfo, key: []const u8) ?ParamInfo {
+        std.debug.assert(self.state == .ready);
+        return self.hashmap.get(key);
+    }
+
+    /// Detect if any required params are blank or if any errors occurred when coercing params to
+    /// their target type.
+    pub fn isValid(self: ParamsInfo) bool {
+        for (self.params.constSlice(), self.required.constSlice()) |param, required| {
+            if (required and param == .blank) return false;
+            if (param == .failed) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    pub fn format(self: ParamsInfo, _: anytype, _: anytype, writer: anytype) !void {
+        std.debug.assert(self.state == .ready);
+        var it = self.hashmap.iterator();
+        try writer.print("{s}{{ ", .{
+            if (self.isValid())
+                jetzig.colors.green(@typeName(@TypeOf(self)))
+            else
+                jetzig.colors.red(@typeName(@TypeOf(self))),
+        });
+        while (it.next()) |entry| {
+            try writer.print("[" ++ jetzig.colors.blue("{s}") ++ ":{}] ", .{ entry.key_ptr.*, entry.value_ptr.* });
+        }
+        try writer.writeByte('}');
+    }
+};
+
+/// Status of a param as defined by the last call to `expectParams`.
+pub const ParamInfo = union(enum) {
+    /// The field was matched and coerced correctly. `value` is the original param value.
+    present: jetzig.Data.Value,
+    /// The field was not present (regardless of whether the field was optional)
+    blank: void,
+    /// The field was present but could not be coerced to the required type
+    failed: ParamError,
+
+    /// `err` is the error triggered by the type coercion attempt, `value` is the original param
+    /// value.
+    pub const ParamError = struct {
+        err: anyerror,
+        value: jetzig.Data.Value,
+
+        pub fn format(self: ParamError, _: anytype, _: anytype, writer: anytype) !void {
+            try writer.print(
+                jetzig.colors.red("{s}") ++ ":\"" ++ jetzig.colors.yellow("{}") ++ "\"",
+                .{ @errorName(self.err), self.value },
+            );
+        }
+    };
+
+    pub fn format(self: ParamInfo, _: anytype, _: anytype, writer: anytype) !void {
+        switch (self) {
+            .present => |present| try writer.print(
+                jetzig.colors.green("present") ++ ":\"" ++ jetzig.colors.cyan("{}") ++ "\"",
+                .{present},
+            ),
+            .blank => try writer.writeAll(jetzig.colors.yellow("blank")),
+            .failed => |failed| try writer.print(
+                jetzig.colors.red("failed") ++ ":" ++ jetzig.colors.cyan("{}") ++ "",
+                .{failed},
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+};
--- a/src/jetzig/mail/Job.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/mail/Job.zig
@ -129,7 +129,10 @@ fn defaultHtml(
    params: *jetzig.data.Value,
 ) !?[]const u8 {
    var data = jetzig.data.Data.init(allocator);
-    data.value = if (params.get("params")) |capture| capture else try data.createObject();
+    data.value = if (params.get("params")) |capture|
+        capture
+    else
+        try jetzig.zmpl.Data.createObject(data.allocator());
    try data.addConst("jetzig_view", data.string(""));
    try data.addConst("jetzig_action", data.string(""));
    return if (jetzig.zmpl.findPrefixed("mailers", mailer.html_template)) |template|
@ -144,7 +147,10 @@ fn defaultText(
    params: *jetzig.data.Value,
 ) !?[]const u8 {
    var data = jetzig.data.Data.init(allocator);
-    data.value = if (params.get("params")) |capture| capture else try data.createObject();
+    data.value = if (params.get("params")) |capture|
+        capture
+    else
+        try jetzig.zmpl.Data.createObject(data.allocator());
    try data.addConst("jetzig_view", data.string(""));
    try data.addConst("jetzig_action", data.string(""));
    return if (jetzig.zmpl.findPrefixed("mailers", mailer.text_template)) |template|
--- a/src/jetzig/testing.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/testing.zig
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pub fn expectJson(expected_path: []const u8, expected_value: anytype, response:

    const json_banner = "\n{s}";

-    if (data.ref(std.mem.trimLeft(u8, expected_path, &.{'.'}))) |value| {
+    if (data.ref(expected_path)) |value| {
        switch (value.*) {
            .string => |string| switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(expected_value))) {
                .pointer, .array => {
--- a/src/jetzig/testing/App.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/testing/App.zig
@ -345,7 +345,16 @@ fn buildOptions(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, app: *const App, args: anytype) !R
            if (std.mem.eql(u8, field.name, "body")) continue;
        }

-        @compileError("Unrecognized request option: " ++ field.name);
+        @compileError(std.fmt.comptimePrint(
+            "Unrecognized request option `{s}`. Expected: {{ {s}, {s}, {s}, {s} }}",
+            .{
+                jetzig.colors.yellow(field.name),
+                jetzig.colors.cyan("headers"),
+                jetzig.colors.cyan("json"),
+                jetzig.colors.cyan("params"),
+                jetzig.colors.cyan("body"),
+            },
+        ));
    }

    return .{
--- a/src/jetzig/views/Route.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/views/Route.zig
@ -1,19 +1,33 @@
 const std = @import("std");

 const jetzig = @import("../../jetzig.zig");
+const view_types = @import("view_types.zig");

 const Route = @This();

 pub const Action = enum { index, get, new, post, put, patch, delete, custom };
+
+pub const View = union(enum) {
+    with_id: view_types.ViewWithId,
+    without_id: view_types.ViewWithoutId,
+    with_args: view_types.ViewWithArgs,
+
+    static_with_id: view_types.StaticViewWithId,
+    static_without_id: view_types.StaticViewWithoutId,
+    static_with_args: view_types.StaticViewWithArgs,
+
+    legacy_with_id: view_types.LegacyViewWithId,
+    legacy_without_id: view_types.LegacyViewWithoutId,
+    legacy_with_args: view_types.LegacyViewWithArgs,
+
+    legacy_static_with_id: view_types.LegacyStaticViewWithId,
+    legacy_static_without_id: view_types.LegacyStaticViewWithoutId,
+    legacy_static_with_args: view_types.LegacyStaticViewWithArgs,
+};
+
 pub const RenderFn = *const fn (Route, *jetzig.http.Request) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
 pub const RenderStaticFn = *const fn (Route, *jetzig.http.StaticRequest) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;

-pub const ViewWithoutId = *const fn (*jetzig.http.Request, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-pub const ViewWithId = *const fn (id: []const u8, *jetzig.http.Request, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-const StaticViewWithoutId = *const fn (*jetzig.http.StaticRequest, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-pub const ViewWithArgs = *const fn ([]const []const u8, *jetzig.http.Request, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-const StaticViewWithId = *const fn (id: []const u8, *jetzig.http.StaticRequest, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-
 pub const Formats = struct {
    index: ?[]const ResponseFormat = null,
    get: ?[]const ResponseFormat = null,
@ -26,47 +40,13 @@ pub const Formats = struct {
 };
 const ResponseFormat = enum { html, json };

-pub const DynamicViewType = union(Action) {
-    index: ViewWithoutId,
-    get: ViewWithId,
-    new: ViewWithoutId,
-    post: ViewWithoutId,
-    put: ViewWithId,
-    patch: ViewWithId,
-    delete: ViewWithId,
-    custom: CustomViewType,
-};
-
-pub const StaticViewType = union(Action) {
-    index: StaticViewWithoutId,
-    get: StaticViewWithId,
-    new: StaticViewWithoutId,
-    post: StaticViewWithoutId,
-    put: StaticViewWithId,
-    patch: StaticViewWithId,
-    delete: StaticViewWithId,
-    custom: void,
-};
-
-pub const CustomViewType = union(enum) {
-    with_id: ViewWithId,
-    without_id: ViewWithoutId,
-    with_args: ViewWithArgs,
-};
-
-pub const ViewType = union(enum) {
-    static: StaticViewType,
-    dynamic: DynamicViewType,
-    custom: CustomViewType,
-};
-
 name: []const u8,
 action: Action,
 method: jetzig.http.Request.Method = undefined, // Used by custom routes only
 view_name: []const u8,
 uri_path: []const u8,
 path: ?[]const u8 = null,
-view: ViewType,
+view: View,
 render: RenderFn = renderFn,
 renderStatic: RenderStaticFn = renderStaticFn,
 static: bool = false,
@ -97,6 +77,14 @@ pub fn deinitParams(self: *const Route) void {
    self.params.deinit();
 }

+pub fn format(self: Route, _: []const u8, _: anytype, writer: anytype) !void {
+    try writer.print(
+        \\Route{{ .name = "{s}", .action = .{s}, .view_name = "{s}", .static = {} }}
+    ,
+        .{ self.name, @tagName(self.action), self.view_name, self.static },
+    );
+}
+
 /// Match a **custom** route to a request - not used by auto-generated route matching.
 pub fn match(self: Route, request: *const jetzig.http.Request) bool {
    if (self.method != request.method) return false;
@ -140,46 +128,40 @@ pub fn validateFormat(self: Route, request: *const jetzig.http.Request) bool {
 }

 fn renderFn(self: Route, request: *jetzig.http.Request) anyerror!jetzig.views.View {
-    switch (self.view) {
-        .dynamic => {},
-        .custom => |view_type| switch (view_type) {
-            .with_id => |view| return try view(request.path.resourceId(self), request, request.response_data),
-            .without_id => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-            .with_args => |view| return try view(
-                try request.path.resourceArgs(self, request.allocator),
-                request,
-                request.response_data,
-            ),
-        },
-        // We only end up here if a static route is defined but its output is not found in the
-        // file system (e.g. if it was manually deleted after build). This should be avoidable by
-        // including the content as an artifact in the compiled executable (TODO):
-        .static => return error.JetzigMissingStaticContent,
-    }
-
-    switch (self.view.dynamic) {
-        .index => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .get => |view| return try view(request.path.resource_id, request, request.response_data),
-        .new => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .post => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .patch => |view| return try view(request.path.resource_id, request, request.response_data),
-        .put => |view| return try view(request.path.resource_id, request, request.response_data),
-        .delete => |view| return try view(request.path.resource_id, request, request.response_data),
-        .custom => unreachable,
-    }
+    return switch (self.view) {
+        .with_id => |func| try func(request.path.resource_id, request),
+        .without_id => |func| try func(request),
+        .with_args => |func| try func(
+            try request.path.resourceArgs(self, request.allocator),
+            request,
+        ),
+        .legacy_with_id => |func| try func(
+            request.path.resource_id,
+            request,
+            request.response_data,
+        ),
+        .legacy_without_id => |func| try func(request, request.response_data),
+        .legacy_with_args => |func| try func(
+            try request.path.resourceArgs(self, request.allocator),
+            request,
+            request.response_data,
+        ),
+        else => unreachable, // renderStaticFn is called for static routes, we can never get here.
+    };
 }

 fn renderStaticFn(self: Route, request: *jetzig.http.StaticRequest) anyerror!jetzig.views.View {
    request.response_data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(request.allocator);

-    switch (self.view.static) {
-        .index => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .get => |view| return try view(try request.resourceId(), request, request.response_data),
-        .new => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .post => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .patch => |view| return try view(try request.resourceId(), request, request.response_data),
-        .put => |view| return try view(try request.resourceId(), request, request.response_data),
-        .delete => |view| return try view(try request.resourceId(), request, request.response_data),
-        .custom => unreachable,
-    }
+    return switch (self.view) {
+        .static_without_id => |func| try func(request),
+        .legacy_static_without_id => |func| try func(request, request.response_data),
+        .static_with_id => |func| try func(try request.resourceId(), request),
+        .legacy_static_with_id => |func| try func(
+            try request.resourceId(),
+            request,
+            request.response_data,
+        ),
+        else => unreachable,
+    };
 }
--- a/src/jetzig/views/view_types.zig
+++ b/src/jetzig/views/view_types.zig
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+const jetzig = @import("../../jetzig.zig");
+
+pub const ViewWithoutId = *const fn (
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const ViewWithId = *const fn (
+    id: []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const ViewWithArgs = *const fn (
+    []const []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const StaticViewWithoutId = *const fn (
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const StaticViewWithId = *const fn (
+    id: []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const StaticViewWithArgs = *const fn (
+    []const []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+// Legacy view types receive a `data` argument. This made sense when `data.string(...)` etc. were
+// needed to create a string, but now we use type inference/coercion when adding values to
+// response data.
+// `Array.append(.array)`, `Array.append(.object)`, `Object.put(key, .array)`, and
+// `Object.put(key, .object)` also remove the need to use `data.array()` and `data.object()`.
+// The only remaining use is `data.root(.object)` and `data.root(.array)` which we can move to
+// `request.data(.object)` and `request.data(.array)`.
+pub const LegacyViewWithoutId = *const fn (
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyViewWithId = *const fn (
+    id: []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyStaticViewWithoutId = *const fn (
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyViewWithArgs = *const fn (
+    []const []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyStaticViewWithId = *const fn (
+    id: []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyStaticViewWithArgs = *const fn (
+    []const []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
--- a/src/tests.zig
+++ b/src/tests.zig
@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const jetzig = @import("jetzig.zig");
+
 test {
+    std.debug.assert(jetzig.jetquery.jetcommon == jetzig.zmpl.jetcommon);
+    std.debug.assert(jetzig.zmpl.jetcommon == jetzig.jetcommon);
    _ = @import("jetzig/http/Query.zig");
    _ = @import("jetzig/http/Headers.zig");
    _ = @import("jetzig/http/Cookies.zig");