From d855b9f703fcdf4fb60f60e1581028ec8321b27c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bob Farrell Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 22:38:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Implement MIME type inference When serving content from `public/`, use MIME type lookup to provide an appropriate content-type header. MIME types borrowed from: https://mimetype.io/all-types https://github.com/patrickmccallum/mimetype-io/blob/master/src/mimeData.json --- README.md | 7 +- build.zig | 4 + build.zig.zon | 4 +- demo/public/styles.css | 0 src/GenerateMimeTypes.zig | 47 + src/jetzig.zig | 1 + src/jetzig/App.zig | 6 + src/jetzig/http.zig | 1 + src/jetzig/http/Server.zig | 22 +- src/jetzig/http/mime.zig | 54 + src/jetzig/http/mime/mimeData.json | 13872 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 11 files changed, 14008 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) create mode 100644 demo/public/styles.css create mode 100644 src/GenerateMimeTypes.zig create mode 100644 src/jetzig/http/mime.zig create mode 100644 src/jetzig/http/mime/mimeData.json diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index f580af0..ae62e3c 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -32,10 +32,11 @@ If you are interested in _Jetzig_ you will probably find these tools interesting * :white_check_mark: Request/response headers. * :white_check_mark: Stack trace output on error. * :white_check_mark: Static content generation. -* :x: Param/JSON payload parsing/abstracting. -* :x: Static content paramater definitions. +* :white_check_mark: Param/JSON payload parsing/abstracting. +* :white_check_mark: Static content parameter definitions. +* :white_check_mark: Middleware interface. +* :white_check_mark: MIME type inference. * :x: Environment configurations (develompent/production/etc.) -* :x: Middleware extensions (for e.g. authentication). * :x: Email delivery. * :x: Custom/non-conventional routes. * :x: General-purpose cache. diff --git a/build.zig b/build.zig index 9915cb0..b714831 100644 --- a/build.zig +++ b/build.zig @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ const std = @import("std"); pub const GenerateRoutes = @import("src/GenerateRoutes.zig"); +pub const GenerateMimeTypes = @import("src/GenerateMimeTypes.zig"); pub const TemplateFn = @import("src/jetzig.zig").TemplateFn; pub const StaticRequest = @import("src/jetzig.zig").StaticRequest; pub const http = @import("src/jetzig/http.zig"); @@ -20,9 +21,12 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) !void { .optimize = optimize, }); + const mime_module = try GenerateMimeTypes.generateMimeModule(b); + b.installArtifact(lib); const jetzig_module = b.addModule("jetzig", .{ .root_source_file = .{ .path = "src/jetzig.zig" } }); + jetzig_module.addImport("mime_types", mime_module); lib.root_module.addImport("jetzig", jetzig_module); const zmpl_dep = b.dependency( diff --git a/build.zig.zon b/build.zig.zon index 403ae25..440427b 100644 --- a/build.zig.zon +++ b/build.zig.zon @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ .version = "0.0.0", .dependencies = .{ .zmpl = .{ - .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/zmpl/archive/41ac97a026e124f93d316eb838fa015a5a52bb15.tar.gz", - .hash = "122053b4c76247572201afbbec8fbde8c014c25984a3ca780ed4f6d514cc939038df", + .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/zmpl/archive/84a712349e0cf679fc5c9900b805335d51d9ce86.tar.gz", + .hash = "1220e9f2133f6cd24c370850cbe3816e3d8b97c33dd822bf7eaf8f6f0ea2cfd2f8db", }, }, diff --git a/demo/public/styles.css b/demo/public/styles.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/src/GenerateMimeTypes.zig b/src/GenerateMimeTypes.zig new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1353e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/GenerateMimeTypes.zig @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +const std = @import("std"); + +const JsonMimeType = struct { + name: []const u8, + fileTypes: [][]const u8, +}; + +/// Invoked at build time to parse mimeData.json into an array of `MimeType` which can then be +/// written out as a Zig struct and imported at runtime. +pub fn generateMimeModule(build: *std.Build) !*std.Build.Module { + const file = try std.fs.openFileAbsolute(build.pathFromRoot("src/jetzig/http/mime/mimeData.json"), .{}); + const stat = try file.stat(); + const json = try file.readToEndAlloc(build.allocator, stat.size); + defer build.allocator.free(json); + + const parsed_mime_types = try std.json.parseFromSlice( + []JsonMimeType, + build.allocator, + json, + .{ .ignore_unknown_fields = true }, + ); + + var buf = std.ArrayList(u8).init(build.allocator); + defer buf.deinit(); + + const writer = buf.writer(); + + try writer.writeAll("pub const MimeType = struct { name: []const u8, file_type: []const u8 };"); + try writer.writeAll("pub const mime_types = [_]MimeType{\n"); + for (parsed_mime_types.value) |mime_type| { + for (mime_type.fileTypes) |file_type| { + const entry = try std.fmt.allocPrint( + build.allocator, + \\.{{ .name = "{s}", .file_type = "{s}" }}, + \\ + , + .{ mime_type.name, file_type }, + ); + try writer.writeAll(entry); + } + } + try writer.writeAll("};\n"); + + const write_files = build.addWriteFiles(); + const generated_file = write_files.add("mime_types.zig", buf.items); + return build.createModule(.{ .root_source_file = generated_file }); +} diff --git a/src/jetzig.zig b/src/jetzig.zig index fd8b756..7fec6e6 100644 --- a/src/jetzig.zig +++ b/src/jetzig.zig @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ pub const View = views.View; pub const config = struct { pub const max_bytes_request_body: usize = std.math.pow(usize, 2, 16); pub const max_bytes_static_content: usize = std.math.pow(usize, 2, 16); + pub const public_content = .{ .path = "public" }; }; pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !App { diff --git a/src/jetzig/App.zig b/src/jetzig/App.zig index 2dee724..9c476c5 100644 --- a/src/jetzig/App.zig +++ b/src/jetzig/App.zig @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ const std = @import("std"); const jetzig = @import("../jetzig.zig"); +const mime_types = @import("mime_types").mime_types; // Generated at build time. const Self = @This(); @@ -18,6 +19,10 @@ pub fn deinit(self: Self) void { /// automatically created at build time. `templates` should be /// `@import("src/app/views/zmpl.manifest.zig").templates`, created by Zmpl at compile time. pub fn start(self: Self, routes: []jetzig.views.Route, templates: []jetzig.TemplateFn) !void { + var mime_map = jetzig.http.mime.MimeMap.init(self.allocator); + defer mime_map.deinit(); + try mime_map.build(); + var server = jetzig.http.Server.init( self.allocator, self.host, @@ -25,6 +30,7 @@ pub fn start(self: Self, routes: []jetzig.views.Route, templates: []jetzig.Templ self.server_options, routes, templates, + &mime_map, ); for (routes) |*route| { diff --git a/src/jetzig/http.zig b/src/jetzig/http.zig index 98c2b63..66fe6fe 100644 --- a/src/jetzig/http.zig +++ b/src/jetzig/http.zig @@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ pub const Headers = @import("http/Headers.zig"); pub const Query = @import("http/Query.zig"); pub const status_codes = @import("http/status_codes.zig"); pub const middleware = @import("http/middleware.zig"); +pub const mime = @import("http/mime.zig"); diff --git a/src/jetzig/http/Server.zig b/src/jetzig/http/Server.zig index f95b47e..0f28780 100644 --- a/src/jetzig/http/Server.zig +++ b/src/jetzig/http/Server.zig @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ options: ServerOptions, start_time: i128 = undefined, routes: []jetzig.views.Route, templates: []jetzig.TemplateFn, +mime_map: *jetzig.http.mime.MimeMap, const Self = @This(); @@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ pub fn init( options: ServerOptions, routes: []jetzig.views.Route, templates: []jetzig.TemplateFn, + mime_map: *jetzig.http.mime.MimeMap, ) Self { const server = std.http.Server.init(.{ .reuse_address = true }); @@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ pub fn init( .options = options, .routes = routes, .templates = templates, + .mime_map = mime_map, }; } @@ -329,8 +332,8 @@ fn matchRoute(self: *Self, request: *jetzig.http.Request, static: bool) !?jetzig const StaticResource = struct { content: []const u8, mime_type: []const u8 = "application/octet-stream" }; fn matchStaticResource(self: *Self, request: *jetzig.http.Request) !?StaticResource { - const public_content = try matchPublicContent(request); - if (public_content) |content| return .{ .content = content }; + const public_resource = try self.matchPublicContent(request); + if (public_resource) |resource| return resource; const static_content = try self.matchStaticContent(request); if (static_content) |content| return .{ @@ -344,11 +347,14 @@ fn matchStaticResource(self: *Self, request: *jetzig.http.Request) !?StaticResou return null; } -fn matchPublicContent(request: *jetzig.http.Request) !?[]const u8 { +fn matchPublicContent(self: *Self, request: *jetzig.http.Request) !?StaticResource { if (request.path.len < 2) return null; if (request.method != .GET) return null; - var iterable_dir = std.fs.cwd().openDir("public", .{ .iterate = true }) catch |err| { + var iterable_dir = std.fs.cwd().openDir( + jetzig.config.public_content.path, + .{ .iterate = true, .no_follow = true }, + ) catch |err| { switch (err) { error.FileNotFound => return null, else => return err, @@ -363,11 +369,17 @@ fn matchPublicContent(request: *jetzig.http.Request) !?[]const u8 { if (file.kind != .file) continue; if (std.mem.eql(u8, file.path, request.path[1..])) { - return try iterable_dir.readFileAlloc( + const content = try iterable_dir.readFileAlloc( request.allocator, file.path, jetzig.config.max_bytes_static_content, ); + const extension = std.fs.path.extension(file.path); + const mime_type = if (self.mime_map.get(extension)) |mime| mime else "application/octet-stream"; + return .{ + .content = content, + .mime_type = mime_type, + }; } } diff --git a/src/jetzig/http/mime.zig b/src/jetzig/http/mime.zig new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10b8732 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/jetzig/http/mime.zig @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +// Mime types borrowed from here: +// https://mimetype.io/all-types +// https://github.com/patrickmccallum/mimetype-io/blob/master/src/mimeData.json + +const std = @import("std"); + +const mime_types = @import("mime_types").mime_types; // Generated at build time. + +/// Provides information about a given MIME Type. +pub const MimeType = struct { + name: []const u8, +}; + +/// Attempts to map a given extension to a mime type. +pub fn fromExtension(extension: []const u8) ?MimeType { + for (mime_types) |mime_type| { + if (std.mem.eql(u8, extension, mime_type.file_type)) return .{ .name = mime_type.name }; + } + return null; +} + +pub const MimeMap = struct { + allocator: std.mem.Allocator, + map: std.StringHashMap([]const u8), + + pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator) MimeMap { + return .{ + .allocator = allocator, + .map = std.StringHashMap([]const u8).init(allocator), + }; + } + + pub fn deinit(self: *MimeMap) void { + var it = self.map.iterator(); + while (it.next()) |item| { + self.allocator.free(item.key_ptr.*); + self.allocator.free(item.value_ptr.*); + } + self.map.deinit(); + } + + pub fn build(self: *MimeMap) !void { + for (mime_types) |mime_type| { + try self.map.put( + try self.allocator.dupe(u8, mime_type.file_type), + try self.allocator.dupe(u8, mime_type.name), + ); + } + } + + pub fn get(self: *MimeMap, file_type: []const u8) ?[]const u8 { + return self.map.get(file_type); + } +}; diff --git a/src/jetzig/http/mime/mimeData.json b/src/jetzig/http/mime/mimeData.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd63b75 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/jetzig/http/mime/mimeData.json @@ -0,0 +1,13872 @@ +[ + { + "name": "application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".123" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "text/vnd.in3d.3dml", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".3dml" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "video/3gpp2", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [ + "audio/3gpp2" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".3g2" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/avif", + "description": "AVIF (AV1 Image File Format) is an image and animation file format, an extension of HEIF allowing images encoded with AV1. Most files will only have AV1-encoded images, but a mixture of different encodings is allowed. Early draft versions were named AV1 Still Image File Format.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/AVIF" + }, + { + "title": "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)", + "url": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/image/heif" + }, + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVIF" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [ + "image/avif-sequence" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".avif", + ".avifs" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-krita", + "description": "KRA is the file format for Krita, a raster graphics editor. It is a ZIP archive containing a number of files, including the image data, the layer structure, and the document settings.

It is similar in function to PSD files for photoshop.

A .krz file is a compressed version of a .kra file and only missing the mergedimage.png contained within it to save storage. The lack of this file can affect interchange with other applications such as Scribus.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Krita File Format", + "url": "https://docs.krita.org/en/general_concepts/file_formats/file_kra.html" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".kra", + ".krz" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/heic", + "description": "The MIME subtype name may be 'heic' only if the file conforms to the requirements of the 'heic', 'heix', 'heim', or 'heis' brand, and contains at least one of those brands as a compatible brand. The MIME subtype name may be 'heif' only if the file conforms to the requirements of the 'mif1' brand, and contains that brand as a compatible brand.

HEIF (High Efficiency Image File Format) is the lossy image and animation format defined by MPEG-H Part 12 (ISO/IEC 23008-12).

It is closely related to the HEVC video format, so in that way it is similar to BPG. It uses boxes/atoms format as a container format, so in that way it is similar to JPEG 2000.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "The Moving Picture Experts Group", + "url": "https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-h/image-file-format" + }, + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/HEIF" + }, + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [ + "image/heif" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [ + "image/heif" + ] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".heif", + ".heic" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "video/3gpp", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [ + "audio/3gpp" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".3gp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/3gpp2", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [ + "video/3gpp2" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".3g2" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-7z-compressed", + "description": "7-zip archive", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".7z" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/octet-stream", + "description": "This MIME type is used for binary files, it's usually a fallback for unknown/generic MIMEs with no specific designation.", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".a", + ".bin", + ".bpk", + ".deploy", + ".dist", + ".distz", + ".dmg", + ".dms", + ".dump", + ".elc", + ".lha", + ".lrf", + ".lzh", + ".o", + ".obj", + ".pkg", + ".so" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-authorware-bin", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".aab", + ".u32", + ".vox", + ".x32" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/x-icns", + "description": "ICNS (often written in lowercase as icns) is the native icon format of Mac OS and OS X.

It goes by many other names, including Apple Icon, Macintosh Icon, Mac OS Icon, Macintosh OS X Icon, Mac OS X Icon Resource, Mac OS icns Resource, and IconFamily Resource.

There are usually multiple images in a file. Supported image sizes are 16×12, and 16, 32, 48, 128, 256, 512, and 1024 pixels square.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/ICNS" + }, + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".icns" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/mp4", + "description": "MP4 is a multimedia container format defined by MPEG-4 Part 14 (ISO/IEC 14496-14). It is based on the Apple QuickTime format, but is not identical to it.

It is a successor to the older MOV format, and is used for video (with H.264 and H.265 codecs) and audio (with AAC and AC-3 codecs).

It is used by iTunes for music and video downloads, and by many other services for video streaming. It is also used for video files on Blu-ray discs.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "RFC Editor - RFC4337", + "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4337" + }, + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/MP4" + }, + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [ + "audio/mpeg4-generic", + "audio/x-m4a", + "audio/m4a" + ], + "relatedTo": [ + "video/mp4", + "audio/aac", + "audio/aacp", + "audio/3gpp", + "audio/3gpp2", + "audio/mp4a-latm", + "audio/mpeg4-generic" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".mp4", + ".m4a", + ".m4b", + ".m4p", + ".m4r", + ".m4v", + ".mp4v", + ".3gp", + ".3g2", + ".3ga", + ".3gpa", + ".3gpp", + ".3gpp2", + ".3gp2" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/aac", + "description": "AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a compressed audio format defined in MPEG-2 Part 7 (ISO/IEC 13818-7), and in an updated form in MPEG-4 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 14496-3). It was designed to be the successor to MP3. iTunes distributes (or distributed) files in this format, apparently including various metadata (like the name, and sometimes email of the account which downloaded it, along with the time it was downloaded).

An AAC file may contain only the raw AAC format, or it may use a multimedia container format such MP4 or QuickTime. AAC is often used for the audio component of a video file.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/AAC" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [ + "audio/x-aac" + ], + "relatedTo": [ + "audio/aacp" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".aac", + ".m4a" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/mp4a-latm", + "description": "Registered by RFC 3016; updated by RFC 6416, published October 2011)", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)", + "url": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/audio/mp4a-latm" + }, + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3#MPEG-4_Audio_Lossless_Coding_(ALS)" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [ + "audio/aac", + "audio/aacp", + "audio/3gpp", + "audio/3gpp2", + "audio/mp4", + "audio/mpeg4-generic" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": true, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/aacp", + "description": "AAC+ (Advanced Audio Coding Plus) is a compressed audio format defined in MPEG-4 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 14496-3). It is a successor to AAC, and is designed to be more efficient than AAC for low bitrates. It is also known as HE-AAC (High Efficiency AAC).

An AAC+ file may contain only the raw AAC+ format, or it may use a multimedia container format such MP4 or QuickTime. AAC+ is often used for the audio component of a video file.

Differs from audio/aac and has lower browser compatibility for playback. The Wikipedia link has the most information I could find.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" + }, + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/AAC" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [ + "audio/aac" + ], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".aacp" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": true, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-authorware-map", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".aam" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-authorware-seg", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".aas" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-abiword", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".abw" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.americandynamics.acc", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".acc" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-ace-compressed", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + 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+ "fileTypes": [ + ".afp", + ".list3820", + ".listafp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/postscript", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ai", + ".eps", + ".ps" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/x-aiff", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".aif", + ".aifc", + ".aiff" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".air" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.amiga.ami", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ami" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.android.package-archive", + "description": "APK is an archive format used for distributing Android apps. It is based on the Jar format (for Java), and like that format, is actually a ZIP archive with a different extension, and with specific files and directories within it.

The executable part of the app is usually in either Dalvik Executable (for older Android versions prior to 5.0) or ART format (for newer versions).

Metadata about the app is in a META-INF directory within the archive (similarly to Jar files), compiled code is in a lib directory, and resources in a res directory. There are also a few files at the root level including AndroidManifest.xml (which may be regular XML or, often, binary XML).", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/APK" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".apk" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-ms-application", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".application" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.lotus-approach", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".apr" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/pgp-signature", + "description": "PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is an encryption program, and its encryption format which eventually became the OpenPGP standard.

Created by Phil Zimmerman in 1991, it got into some legal trouble early on because encryption of this grade was classified as a munition under U.S. law and restricted from export. These laws, while not completely repealed even now, have been considerably liberalized since, and now export of PGP and related software is only restricted when it's being exported to countries such as Iran that are under special sanction. Zimmerman's PGP company was eventually acquired by Network Associates (now McAfee), which eventually rebranded the original command-line-based PGP as \"McAfee E-Business Server\" and sold off all other PGP assets to some PGP developers who formed a new PGP company, which was eventually acquired by Symantec. Meanwhile, the specifications of the file format had been released as the OpenPGP spec and published as an RFC document, making it available for use in other products.

GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG, GPG) is a commonly-used encryption tool using PGP format, running on Linux systems.

PGP uses a combination of several encryption techniques applied serially, including symmetric-key and public-key cryptography.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/PGP" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".asc", + ".sig" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "video/x-ms-asf", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".asf", + ".asx" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "text/x-asm", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + 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There's no official mimetype assigned as far as the author is aware, however these are the ones commonly reported.", + "links": { + "deprecates": [ + "text/x.gcode", + "text/x-gcode" + ], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".gcode" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "video/h263", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".h263" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "video/h264", + "description": "Advanced Video Coding (AVC), also referred to as H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, Advanced Video Coding (MPEG-4 AVC), is a video compression standard based on block-oriented, motion-compensated integer-DCT coding.[1] It is by far the most commonly used format for the recording, compression, and distribution of video content, used by 91% of video industry developers as of September 2019.

It supports resolutions up to and including 8K UHD.

H.264 is controversial for being patent-encumbered, and hence subject to royalty requirements. In 2013, Cisco is attempting to partially remedy this by producing a freely distributed executable H.264 codec for many platforms for which they have paid the royalty, allowing anybody to download and use it in unmodified form royalty-free. The source code is also openly available, but any altered versions that anybody might create from it would require separate licensing, as would any distribution of the executables other than direct download from Cisco. Thus, the only way to use it as part of a product without additional license fees is to have the product's installer download the executable from Cisco during the install process, rather than including it directly in your own product (whether on disk or downloadable from your site).

HEVC (H.265) has been developed as a more efficient successor to this format, but it is also patent-encumbered. Attempts to create a royalty-free alternative include AV1, Daala, VP9, and Thor.

The H.264 specification does not, in an extremely strict sense, define a codec which fits into a series of bytes; instead, it describes the stream as fitting into a sequence of frames called \"network abstraction layer units\", which can then be delineated into a raw byte format by the user. The format for putting these into a raw bytestream described by Annex B of the specification apparently is apparently very widely-used.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" + }, + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/H.264" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".h264" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.hbci", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hbci" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.gerber", + "description": "The Gerber file format is the de facto standard for printed circuit board (PCB) image data transfer. Gerber files consist of 7bit ASCII text and do not contain any active or executable content.

The format does include an optional integrity check: A checksum of the file's content can be specified using the MD5 File Attribute. Any additional integrity protection or privacy protection must be supplied externally.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_format" + }, + { + "title": "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)", + "url": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.gerber" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".gbr" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-hdf", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hdf" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/winhlp", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hlp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.hp-hpgl", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hpgl" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.hp-hpid", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hpid" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.hp-hps", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hps" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/mac-binhex40", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hqx" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.kenameaapp", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".htke" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "text/html", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".htm", + ".html" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.yamaha.hv-dic", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hvd" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.yamaha.hv-voice", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hvp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.yamaha.hv-script", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".hvs" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.iccprofile", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".icc", + ".icm" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "x-conference/x-cooltalk", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ice" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/x-icon", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ico" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "text/calendar", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ics", + ".ifb" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/ief", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ief" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.shana.informed.formdata", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ifm" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "model/iges", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".iges", + ".igs" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.igloader", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".igl" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.micrografx.igx", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".igx" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.shana.informed.interchange", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".iif" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.accpac.simply.imp", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".imp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.ms-ims", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ims" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.shana.informed.package", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ipk" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.ibm.rights-management", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".irm" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.irepository.package+xml", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".irp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.shana.informed.formtemplate", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".itp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.immervision-ivp", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ivp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.immervision-ivu", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".ivu" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".jad" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.jam", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".jam" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/java-archive", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".jar" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } 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"application/x-java-jnlp-file", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".jnlp" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.joost.joda-archive", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".joda" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/jpeg", + "description": "JPEG is a popular raster image format well-suited to photographic images. It usually uses lossy DCT compression. It is named after the Joint Photographic Experts Group, the organization which developed the format. It is sometimes called JPEG1, JPEG-1, or JPEG 1992 to help disambiguate it.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/JPEG" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".jpe", + ".jpeg", + ".jpg", + ".pjpg", + ".jfif", + ".jfif-tbnl", + ".jif" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/pjpeg", + "description": "PJPEG files refer to images wherein the Progressive JPEG format (hence JPEG) is used for bitmap images.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Wikipedia", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".jpe", + ".jpeg", + ".jpg", + ".pjpg", + ".jfi", + ".jfif", + ".jfif-tbnl", + ".jif" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "video/jpm", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".jpgm", + ".jpm" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "video/jpeg", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".jpgv" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-trash", + "description": "Why even drag this in?", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/x-shellscript", + "description": "Why even drag this in?", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".sh" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "text/javascript", + "description": "JavaScript (sometimes abbreviated JS) is a scripting language commonly implemented as part of a web browser in order to create enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites, but also used in other contexts (such as server-side JavaScript).

This is not the same as Java. People constantly get confused about that.

JavaScript was originally developed at Netscape by Brendan Eich (who later became Mozilla CEO... very briefly), where it was originally called LiveScript while under development, but became JavaScript (with the name licensed from Sun) in order to capitalize on the popularity of Java, though the languages aren't really related (although there are some similarities in syntax). Later, a Microsoft implementation designed to be (more or less) compatible was called JScript, and an attempt at a formally standardized version of the language was published by ECMA as ECMAScript.

The node.js runtime environment is (mostly) implemented in JavaScript, as are applications running within it.

Due to its status as the only scripting language for browsers, JavaScript skyrocketed in popularity in the 2000's and 2010's and as of 2017 serves as a lingua franca of Web development. Arguably, it is currently the world's most popular programming language (it tops GitHub and StackOverflow currently).", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Javascript" + }, + { + "title": "WHATWG", + "url": "https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#scriptingLanguages" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [ + "application/ecmascript", + "application/javascript", + "application/x-ecmascript", + "application/x-javascript", + "text/ecmascript", + "text/javascript1.0", + "text/javascript1.1", + "text/javascript1.2", + "text/javascript1.3", + "text/javascript1.4", + "text/javascript1.5", + "text/jscript", + "text/livescript", + "text/x-ecmascript", + "text/x-javascript" + ], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".js" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/json", + "description": "JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is widely used by web applications, mobile apps, and other programs to communicate between different systems (such as between a client and server). While it is named after JavaScript, there are libraries for many other programming and scripting languages to let them use this format as well. The geospatial format GeoJSON is based on JSON, as is the remote-procedure-call protocol JSON-RPC and the JSON-LD linked-data format. The IBM standard of JSONx is an XML implementation of JSON. I-JSON is a restricted profile of JSON for Internet use. JSON Web Tokens, JSON Web Encryption, and JSON Web Signatures are JSON-based formats for security-related functions.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/JSON" + }, + { + "title": "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)", + "url": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/json" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [ + "text/json" + ], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".json" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/midi", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".kar", + ".mid", + ".midi", + ".rmi" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/aiff", + "description": "AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) files store uncompressed signed audio samples inside an IFF container. There's also a compressed variant, called AIFC with the same mimetype.

AIFF chunks provide native metadata. In addition, although it is not in the specification, an ID3 chunk is often used to include ID3V2 metadata.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/AIFF" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [ + "audio/x-aiff" + ], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".aiff", + ".aif", + ".aff" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/opus", + "description": "Opus audio", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".opus" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "application/vnd.kde.karbon", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": 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MP3 is based in part on work by the Fraunhofer Institute, which held patents in the format. Other companies may also have held patents encumbering its implementation. One of the relevant patents was U.S. Patent 5,812,672, which expired in September 2015; many other related patents in various countries expired earlier. The final expiration of all relevant patents took until 2017, however, due to some \"submarine patents\" which were kept in the application process for years, extending their expiration dates. A modified version of DCT compression (Discrete cosine transform) is used, a lossy compression method also used in JPEG images.

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It can also be known by a camera-specific name such as Lumix RAW or Panasonic LX3 RAW.

Different cameras produce different versions of it, and at some point the .raw file extension was changed to .rw2. The term Panasonic RAW might refer to just the .raw files, but more likely includes both .raw and .rw2.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Panasonic_RAW/RW2" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".raw", + ".rw2", + ".rwl" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "audio/flac", + "description": "FLAC stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec, an audio format similar to MP3, but lossless, meaning that audio is compressed in FLAC without any loss in quality.

It can encode audio with a PCM bit resolution up to 32 bits per sample and sampling rates up to 640 kHz. FLAC-encoded audio is usually found either in a native container (which has the extension .flac), or in an Ogg container (when it's known as OggFLAC).", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "The National Archives", + "url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/fmt/279" + }, + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/FLAC" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [ + "audio/x-flac" + ], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".flac" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/x-sony-sr2", + "description": "SR2 is a raw image format produced by some makes of Sony cameras. The format is based upon TIFF.", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "The National Archives", + "url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/Format/proFormatSearch.aspx?status=detailReport&id=1936&strPageToDisplay=summary" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".sr2" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/x-sony-srf", + "description": "", + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".srf" + ], + "furtherReading": [], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + }, + { + "name": "image/x-sigma-x3f", + "description": "X3F (or Sigma X3F, or Foveon X3F) is a raw image format used by some Sigma digital cameras that use a \"Foveon sensor\".", + "furtherReading": [ + { + "title": "Let's Solve the File Format Problem!", + "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/X3F" + } + ], + "links": { + "deprecates": [], + "relatedTo": [], + "parentOf": [], + "alternativeTo": [] + }, + "fileTypes": [ + ".x3f" + ], + "notices": { + "hasNoOfficial": false, + "communityContributed": false, + "popularUsage": null + } + } +]