Refactor Route

Move all route types into a single union and remove leftover junk.

Deprecate view functions that receive a `*jetzig.Data` argument (we will
stay backward-compatible until we have a valid reason to drop support
for legacy view functions - the extra code overhead is pretty minimal).

demo/src/app/views/params.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const jetzig = @import("jetzig");
+
+pub fn post(request: *jetzig.Request) !jetzig.View {
+    return request.render(.created);
+}
+
+test "post" {
+    var app = try jetzig.testing.app(std.testing.allocator, @import("routes"));
+    defer app.deinit();
+
+    const response = try app.request(.POST, "/params", .{});
+    try response.expectStatus(.created);
+}

demo/src/app/views/params/post.zmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<div>
+  <span>Content goes here</span>
+</div>

src/Routes.zig

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const Function = struct {
     path: []const u8,
     source: []const u8,
     params: std.ArrayList([]const u8),
+    legacy: bool = false,
     static: bool = false,
 
     /// The full name of a route. This **must** match the naming convention used by static route
@@ -179,7 +180,6 @@ pub fn generateRoutes(self: *Routes) ![]const u8 {
     );
 
     return try self.buffer.toOwnedSlice();
-    // std.debug.print("routes.zig\n{s}\n", .{self.buffer.items});
 }
 
 pub fn relativePathFrom(
@@ -232,7 +232,10 @@ fn writeRoutes(self: *Routes, writer: anytype) !void {
         const realpath = try dir.realpathAlloc(self.allocator, entry.path);
         defer self.allocator.free(realpath);
 
-        const view_routes = try self.generateRoutesForView(dir, try self.allocator.dupe(u8, realpath));
+        const view_routes = try self.generateRoutesForView(
+            dir,
+            try self.allocator.dupe(u8, realpath),
+        );
 
         for (view_routes.static) |view_route| {
             try self.static_routes.append(view_route);
@@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ fn writeRoute(self: *Routes, writer: std.ArrayList(u8).Writer, route: Function)
         \\            .name = "{0s}",
         \\            .action = .{1s},
         \\            .view_name = "{2s}",
-        \\            .view = jetzig.Route.ViewType{{ .{3s} = .{{ .{1s} = @import("{7s}").{1s} }} }},
+        \\            .view = jetzig.Route.View{{ .{3s} = @import("{7s}").{1s} }},
         \\            .path = "{7s}",
         \\            .static = {4s},
         \\            .uri_path = "{5s}",
@@ -296,6 +299,36 @@ fn writeRoute(self: *Routes, writer: std.ArrayList(u8).Writer, route: Function)
         &[_][]const u8{ view_name, "/", route.name },
     );
 
+    const with_id = std.StaticStringMap(bool).initComptime(.{
+        .{ "index", false },
+        .{ "post", false },
+        .{ "new", false },
+        .{ "get", true },
+        .{ "edit", true },
+        .{ "put", true },
+        .{ "patch", true },
+        .{ "delete", true },
+    }).get(route.name).?;
+
+    const tag = if (!route.legacy and !route.static and with_id)
+        "with_id"
+    else if (!route.legacy and !route.static and !with_id)
+        "without_id"
+    else if (!route.legacy and route.static and with_id)
+        "static_with_id"
+    else if (!route.legacy and route.static and !with_id)
+        "static_without_id"
+    else if (route.legacy and !route.static and with_id)
+        "legacy_with_id"
+    else if (route.legacy and !route.static and !with_id)
+        "legacy_without_id"
+    else if (route.legacy and route.static and with_id)
+        "legacy_static_with_id"
+    else if (route.legacy and route.static and !with_id)
+        "legacy_static_without_id"
+    else
+        unreachable;
+
     std.mem.replaceScalar(u8, module_path, '\\', '/');
     try self.module_paths.append(try self.allocator.dupe(u8, module_path));
 
@@ -305,7 +338,7 @@ fn writeRoute(self: *Routes, writer: std.ArrayList(u8).Writer, route: Function)
         full_name,
         route.name,
         view_name,
-        if (route.static) "static" else "dynamic",
+        tag,
         if (route.static) "true" else "false",
         uri_path,
         template,
@@ -325,7 +358,14 @@ const RouteSet = struct {
 
 fn generateRoutesForView(self: *Routes, dir: std.fs.Dir, path: []const u8) !RouteSet {
     const stat = try dir.statFile(path);
-    const source = try dir.readFileAllocOptions(self.allocator, path, @intCast(stat.size), null, @alignOf(u8), 0);
+    const source = try dir.readFileAllocOptions(
+        self.allocator,
+        path,
+        @intCast(stat.size),
+        null,
+        @alignOf(u8),
+        0,
+    );
     defer self.allocator.free(source);
 
     self.ast = try std.zig.Ast.parse(self.allocator, source, .zig);
@@ -336,15 +376,25 @@ fn generateRoutesForView(self: *Routes, dir: std.fs.Dir, path: []const u8) !Rout
 
     for (self.ast.nodes.items(.tag), 0..) |tag, index| {
         switch (tag) {
-            .fn_proto_multi => {
-                const function = try self.parseFunction(index, path, source);
+            .fn_proto_multi, .fn_proto_one, .fn_proto_simple => |function_tag| {
+                var function = try self.parseFunction(function_tag, index, path, source);
                 if (function) |*capture| {
-                    for (capture.args) |arg| {
+                    if (capture.args.len == 0) {
+                        std.debug.print(
+                            "Expected at least 1 argument for view function `{s}` in `{s}`",
+                            .{ capture.name, path },
+                        );
+                        return error.JetzigMissingViewArgument;
+                    }
+
+                    for (capture.args, 0..) |arg, arg_index| {
                         if (std.mem.eql(u8, try arg.typeBasename(), "StaticRequest")) {
-                            @constCast(capture).static = true;
+                            capture.static = true;
+                            capture.legacy = arg_index + 1 < capture.args.len;
                             try static_routes.append(capture.*);
-                        }
-                        if (std.mem.eql(u8, try arg.typeBasename(), "Request")) {
+                        } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, try arg.typeBasename(), "Request")) {
+                            capture.static = false;
+                            capture.legacy = arg_index + 1 < capture.args.len;
                             try dynamic_routes.append(capture.*);
                         }
                     }
@@ -529,14 +579,21 @@ fn isStaticParamsDecl(self: *Routes, decl: std.zig.Ast.full.VarDecl) bool {
 
 fn parseFunction(
     self: *Routes,
+    function_type: std.zig.Ast.Node.Tag,
     index: usize,
     path: []const u8,
     source: []const u8,
 ) !?Function {
-    const fn_proto = self.ast.fnProtoMulti(@as(u32, @intCast(index)));
+    var buf: [1]std.zig.Ast.Node.Index = undefined;
+
+    const fn_proto = switch (function_type) {
+        .fn_proto_multi => self.ast.fnProtoMulti(@as(u32, @intCast(index))),
+        .fn_proto_one => self.ast.fnProtoOne(&buf, @as(u32, @intCast(index))),
+        .fn_proto_simple => self.ast.fnProtoSimple(&buf, @as(u32, @intCast(index))),
+        else => unreachable,
+    };
     if (fn_proto.name_token) |token| {
         const function_name = try self.allocator.dupe(u8, self.ast.tokenSlice(token));
-        var it = fn_proto.iterate(&self.ast);
         var args = std.ArrayList(Arg).init(self.allocator);
         defer args.deinit();
 
@@ -545,6 +602,7 @@ fn parseFunction(
             return null;
         }
 
+        var it = fn_proto.iterate(&self.ast);
         while (it.next()) |arg| {
             if (arg.name_token) |arg_token| {
                 const arg_name = self.ast.tokenSlice(arg_token);

src/jetzig/http/Request.zig

@@ -344,6 +344,11 @@ pub fn params(self: *Request) !*jetzig.data.Value {
     }
 }
 
+// TODO
+// pub fn expectParams(self: Request, T: type) ?T {
+//
+// }
+
 /// Retrieve a file from a `multipart/form-data`-encoded request body, if present.
 pub fn file(self: *Request, name: []const u8) !?jetzig.http.File {
     _ = try self.parseQuery();
@@ -692,12 +697,17 @@ pub fn match(self: *Request, route: jetzig.views.Route) !bool {
     };
 }
 
-fn isMatch(self: *Request, match_type: enum { exact, resource_id }, route: jetzig.views.Route) bool {
+fn isMatch(
+    self: *Request,
+    match_type: enum { exact, resource_id },
+    route: jetzig.views.Route,
+) bool {
     const path = switch (match_type) {
         .exact => self.path.base_path,
         .resource_id => self.path.directory,
     };
 
+    // Special case for `/foobar/1/new` -> render `new()`
     if (route.action == .get and std.mem.eql(u8, self.path.resource_id, "new")) return false;
 
     return std.mem.eql(u8, path, route.uri_path);

src/jetzig/http/Server.zig

@@ -567,7 +567,9 @@ fn matchMiddlewareRoute(request: *const jetzig.http.Request) ?jetzig.middleware.
 fn matchRoute(self: *Server, request: *jetzig.http.Request, static: bool) !?jetzig.views.Route {
     for (self.routes) |route| {
         // .index routes always take precedence.
-        if (route.static == static and route.action == .index and try request.match(route.*)) return route.*;
+        if (route.static == static and route.action == .index and try request.match(route.*)) {
+            return route.*;
+        }
     }
 
     for (self.routes) |route| {

src/jetzig/views/Route.zig

@@ -1,19 +1,33 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 
 const jetzig = @import("../../jetzig.zig");
+const view_types = @import("view_types.zig");
 
 const Route = @This();
 
 pub const Action = enum { index, get, new, post, put, patch, delete, custom };
+
+pub const View = union(enum) {
+    with_id: view_types.ViewWithId,
+    without_id: view_types.ViewWithoutId,
+    with_args: view_types.ViewWithArgs,
+
+    static_with_id: view_types.StaticViewWithId,
+    static_without_id: view_types.StaticViewWithoutId,
+    static_with_args: view_types.StaticViewWithArgs,
+
+    legacy_with_id: view_types.LegacyViewWithId,
+    legacy_without_id: view_types.LegacyViewWithoutId,
+    legacy_with_args: view_types.LegacyViewWithArgs,
+
+    legacy_static_with_id: view_types.LegacyStaticViewWithId,
+    legacy_static_without_id: view_types.LegacyStaticViewWithoutId,
+    legacy_static_with_args: view_types.LegacyStaticViewWithArgs,
+};
+
 pub const RenderFn = *const fn (Route, *jetzig.http.Request) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
 pub const RenderStaticFn = *const fn (Route, *jetzig.http.StaticRequest) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
 
-pub const ViewWithoutId = *const fn (*jetzig.http.Request, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-pub const ViewWithId = *const fn (id: []const u8, *jetzig.http.Request, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-const StaticViewWithoutId = *const fn (*jetzig.http.StaticRequest, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-pub const ViewWithArgs = *const fn ([]const []const u8, *jetzig.http.Request, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-const StaticViewWithId = *const fn (id: []const u8, *jetzig.http.StaticRequest, *jetzig.data.Data) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
-
 pub const Formats = struct {
     index: ?[]const ResponseFormat = null,
     get: ?[]const ResponseFormat = null,
@@ -26,47 +40,13 @@ pub const Formats = struct {
 };
 const ResponseFormat = enum { html, json };
 
-pub const DynamicViewType = union(Action) {
-    index: ViewWithoutId,
-    get: ViewWithId,
-    new: ViewWithoutId,
-    post: ViewWithoutId,
-    put: ViewWithId,
-    patch: ViewWithId,
-    delete: ViewWithId,
-    custom: CustomViewType,
-};
-
-pub const StaticViewType = union(Action) {
-    index: StaticViewWithoutId,
-    get: StaticViewWithId,
-    new: StaticViewWithoutId,
-    post: StaticViewWithoutId,
-    put: StaticViewWithId,
-    patch: StaticViewWithId,
-    delete: StaticViewWithId,
-    custom: void,
-};
-
-pub const CustomViewType = union(enum) {
-    with_id: ViewWithId,
-    without_id: ViewWithoutId,
-    with_args: ViewWithArgs,
-};
-
-pub const ViewType = union(enum) {
-    static: StaticViewType,
-    dynamic: DynamicViewType,
-    custom: CustomViewType,
-};
-
 name: []const u8,
 action: Action,
 method: jetzig.http.Request.Method = undefined, // Used by custom routes only
 view_name: []const u8,
 uri_path: []const u8,
 path: ?[]const u8 = null,
-view: ViewType,
+view: View,
 render: RenderFn = renderFn,
 renderStatic: RenderStaticFn = renderStaticFn,
 static: bool = false,
@@ -97,6 +77,14 @@ pub fn deinitParams(self: *const Route) void {
     self.params.deinit();
 }
 
+pub fn format(self: Route, _: []const u8, _: anytype, writer: anytype) !void {
+    try writer.print(
+        \\Route{{ .name = "{s}", .action = .{s}, .view_name = "{s}", .static = {} }}
+    ,
+        .{ self.name, @tagName(self.action), self.view_name, self.static },
+    );
+}
+
 /// Match a **custom** route to a request - not used by auto-generated route matching.
 pub fn match(self: Route, request: *const jetzig.http.Request) bool {
     if (self.method != request.method) return false;
@@ -140,46 +128,31 @@ pub fn validateFormat(self: Route, request: *const jetzig.http.Request) bool {
 }
 
 fn renderFn(self: Route, request: *jetzig.http.Request) anyerror!jetzig.views.View {
-    switch (self.view) {
-        .dynamic => {},
-        .custom => |view_type| switch (view_type) {
-            .with_id => |view| return try view(request.path.resourceId(self), request, request.response_data),
-            .without_id => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-            .with_args => |view| return try view(
-                try request.path.resourceArgs(self, request.allocator),
-                request,
-                request.response_data,
-            ),
-        },
-        // We only end up here if a static route is defined but its output is not found in the
-        // file system (e.g. if it was manually deleted after build). This should be avoidable by
-        // including the content as an artifact in the compiled executable (TODO):
-        .static => return error.JetzigMissingStaticContent,
-    }
-
-    switch (self.view.dynamic) {
-        .index => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .get => |view| return try view(request.path.resource_id, request, request.response_data),
-        .new => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .post => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .patch => |view| return try view(request.path.resource_id, request, request.response_data),
-        .put => |view| return try view(request.path.resource_id, request, request.response_data),
-        .delete => |view| return try view(request.path.resource_id, request, request.response_data),
-        .custom => unreachable,
-    }
+    return switch (self.view) {
+        .without_id => |func| try func(request),
+        .legacy_without_id => |func| try func(request, request.response_data),
+        .with_id => |func| try func(request.path.resource_id, request),
+        .legacy_with_id => |func| try func(
+            request.path.resource_id,
+            request,
+            request.response_data,
+        ),
+        else => unreachable,
+    };
 }
 
 fn renderStaticFn(self: Route, request: *jetzig.http.StaticRequest) anyerror!jetzig.views.View {
     request.response_data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(request.allocator);
 
-    switch (self.view.static) {
-        .index => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .get => |view| return try view(try request.resourceId(), request, request.response_data),
-        .new => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .post => |view| return try view(request, request.response_data),
-        .patch => |view| return try view(try request.resourceId(), request, request.response_data),
-        .put => |view| return try view(try request.resourceId(), request, request.response_data),
-        .delete => |view| return try view(try request.resourceId(), request, request.response_data),
-        .custom => unreachable,
-    }
+    return switch (self.view) {
+        .static_without_id => |func| try func(request),
+        .legacy_static_without_id => |func| try func(request, request.response_data),
+        .static_with_id => |func| try func(try request.resourceId(), request),
+        .legacy_static_with_id => |func| try func(
+            try request.resourceId(),
+            request,
+            request.response_data,
+        ),
+        else => unreachable,
+    };
 }

src/jetzig/views/view_types.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+const jetzig = @import("../../jetzig.zig");
+
+pub const ViewWithoutId = *const fn (
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const ViewWithId = *const fn (
+    id: []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const ViewWithArgs = *const fn (
+    []const []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const StaticViewWithoutId = *const fn (
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const StaticViewWithId = *const fn (
+    id: []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const StaticViewWithArgs = *const fn (
+    []const []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+// Legacy view types receive a `data` argument. This made sense when `data.string(...)` etc. were
+// needed to create a string, but now we use type inference/coercion when adding values to
+// response data.
+// `Array.append(.array)`, `Array.append(.object)`, `Object.put(key, .array)`, and
+// `Object.put(key, .object)` also remove the need to use `data.array()` and `data.object()`.
+// The only remaining use is `data.root(.object)` and `data.root(.array)` which we can move to
+// `request.responseData(.object)` and `request.responseData(.array)`.
+pub const LegacyViewWithoutId = *const fn (
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyViewWithId = *const fn (
+    id: []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyStaticViewWithoutId = *const fn (
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyViewWithArgs = *const fn (
+    []const []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.Request,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyStaticViewWithId = *const fn (
+    id: []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+    *jetzig.data.Data,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;
+
+pub const LegacyStaticViewWithArgs = *const fn (
+    []const []const u8,
+    *jetzig.http.StaticRequest,
+) anyerror!jetzig.views.View;