Database CLI improvements

Eradication of `data` arg to requests. We no longer need to pass this
value around as we have a) type inference, b) nested object insertion
via `put` and `append`.

Fix `joinPath` numeric type coercion

Detect empty string params and treat them as blank with expectParams()

Fix error logging/stack trace printing.

Update Zmpl - includes debug tokens + error tracing to source template
in debug builds.

build.zig.zon

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
             .hash = "1220d0e8734628fd910a73146e804d10a3269e3e7d065de6bb0e3e88d5ba234eb163",
         },
         .zmpl = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/zmpl/archive/7b7452bc7fdb0bd2f8a6a9c4e9312900b486aeba.tar.gz",
-            .hash = "1220ed127f38fa51df53a85b3cc2030a7555e34058db7fd374ebaef817abb43d35f7",
+            .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/zmpl/archive/25b91d030b992631d319adde1cf01baecd9f3934.tar.gz",
+            .hash = "12208dd5a4bf0c6c7efc4e9f37a5d8ed80d6004d5680176d1fc2114bfa593e927baf",
         },
         .jetkv = .{
             .url = "https://github.com/jetzig-framework/jetkv/archive/2b1130a48979ea2871c8cf6ca89c38b1e7062839.tar.gz",

cli/colors.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+// Must be consistent with `std.io.tty.Color` for Windows compatibility.
+pub const codes = .{
+    .escape = "\x1b[",
+    .black = "30m",
+    .red = "31m",
+    .green = "32m",
+    .yellow = "33m",
+    .blue = "34m",
+    .magenta = "35m",
+    .cyan = "36m",
+    .white = "37m",
+    .bright_black = "90m",
+    .bright_red = "91m",
+    .bright_green = "92m",
+    .bright_yellow = "93m",
+    .bright_blue = "94m",
+    .bright_magenta = "95m",
+    .bright_cyan = "96m",
+    .bright_white = "97m",
+    .bold = "1m",
+    .dim = "2m",
+    .reset = "0m",
+};
+
+/// Map color codes generated by `std.io.tty.Config.setColor` back to `std.io.tty.Color`. Used by
+/// `jetzig.util.writeAnsi` to parse escape codes so they can be passed to
+/// `std.io.tty.Config.setColor` (using Windows API to set console color mode).
+const ansi_colors = .{
+    .{ "30", .black },
+    .{ "31", .red },
+    .{ "32", .green },
+    .{ "33", .yellow },
+    .{ "34", .blue },
+    .{ "35", .magenta },
+    .{ "36", .cyan },
+    .{ "37", .white },
+    .{ "90", .bright_black },
+    .{ "91", .bright_red },
+    .{ "92", .bright_green },
+    .{ "93", .bright_yellow },
+    .{ "94", .bright_blue },
+    .{ "95", .bright_magenta },
+    .{ "96", .bright_cyan },
+    .{ "97", .bright_white },
+    .{ "1", .bold },
+    .{ "2", .dim },
+    .{ "0", .reset },
+};
+pub const codes_map = if (@hasDecl(std, "ComptimeStringMap"))
+    std.ComptimeStringMap(std.io.tty.Color, ansi_colors)
+else if (@hasDecl(std, "StaticStringMap"))
+    std.StaticStringMap(std.io.tty.Color).initComptime(ansi_colors)
+else
+    unreachable;
+
+// Map basic ANSI color codes to Windows TextAttribute colors
+// used by std.os.windows.SetConsoleTextAttribute()
+const windows_colors = .{
+    .{ "30", 0 },
+    .{ "31", 4 },
+    .{ "32", 2 },
+    .{ "33", 6 },
+    .{ "34", 1 },
+    .{ "35", 5 },
+    .{ "36", 3 },
+    .{ "37", 7 },
+    .{ "90", 8 },
+    .{ "91", 12 },
+    .{ "92", 10 },
+    .{ "93", 14 },
+    .{ "94", 9 },
+    .{ "95", 13 },
+    .{ "96", 11 },
+    .{ "97", 15 },
+    .{ "1", 7 },
+    .{ "2", 7 },
+    .{ "0", 7 },
+};
+pub const windows_map = if (@hasDecl(std, "ComptimeStringMap"))
+    std.ComptimeStringMap(u16, windows_colors)
+else if (@hasDecl(std, "StaticStringMap"))
+    std.StaticStringMap(u16).initComptime(windows_colors)
+else
+    unreachable;
+
+/// Colorize a log message. Note that we force `.escape_codes` when we are a TTY even on Windows.
+/// `jetzig.loggers.LogQueue` parses the ANSI codes and uses `std.io.tty.Config.setColor` to
+/// invoke the appropriate Windows API call to set the terminal color before writing each token.
+/// We must do it this way because Windows colors are set by API calls at the time of write, not
+/// encoded into the message string.
+pub fn colorize(color: std.io.tty.Color, buf: []u8, input: []const u8, is_colorized: bool) ![]const u8 {
+    if (!is_colorized) return input;
+
+    const config: std.io.tty.Config = .escape_codes;
+    var stream = std.io.fixedBufferStream(buf);
+    const writer = stream.writer();
+    try config.setColor(writer, color);
+    try writer.writeAll(input);
+    try config.setColor(writer, .reset);
+
+    return stream.getWritten();
+}
+
+fn wrap(comptime attribute: []const u8, comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return codes.escape ++ attribute ++ message ++ codes.escape ++ codes.reset;
+}
+
+fn runtimeWrap(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, attribute: []const u8, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try std.mem.join(
+        allocator,
+        "",
+        &[_][]const u8{ codes.escape, attribute, message, codes.escape, codes.reset },
+    );
+}
+
+pub fn bold(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return codes.escape ++ codes.bold ++ message ++ codes.escape ++ codes.reset;
+}
+
+pub fn black(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return wrap(codes.black, message);
+}
+
+pub fn runtimeBlack(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try runtimeWrap(allocator, codes.black, message);
+}
+
+pub fn red(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return wrap(codes.red, message);
+}
+
+pub fn runtimeRed(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try runtimeWrap(allocator, codes.red, message);
+}
+
+pub fn green(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return wrap(codes.green, message);
+}
+
+pub fn runtimeGreen(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try runtimeWrap(allocator, codes.green, message);
+}
+
+pub fn yellow(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return wrap(codes.yellow, message);
+}
+
+pub fn runtimeYellow(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try runtimeWrap(allocator, codes.yellow, message);
+}
+
+pub fn blue(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return wrap(codes.blue, message);
+}
+
+pub fn runtimeBlue(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try runtimeWrap(allocator, codes.blue, message);
+}
+
+pub fn magenta(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return wrap(codes.magenta, message);
+}
+
+pub fn runtimeMagenta(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try runtimeWrap(allocator, codes.magenta, message);
+}
+
+pub fn cyan(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return wrap(codes.cyan, message);
+}
+
+pub fn runtimeCyan(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try runtimeWrap(allocator, codes.cyan, message);
+}
+
+pub fn white(comptime message: []const u8) []const u8 {
+    return wrap(codes.white, message);
+}
+
+pub fn runtimeWhite(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, message: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+    return try runtimeWrap(allocator, codes.white, message);
+}
+
+pub fn duration(buf: *[256]u8, delta: i64, is_colorized: bool) ![]const u8 {
+    if (!is_colorized) {
+        return try std.fmt.bufPrint(
+            buf,
+            "{}",
+            .{std.fmt.fmtDurationSigned(delta)},
+        );
+    }
+
+    const color: std.io.tty.Color = if (delta < 1000000)
+        .green
+    else if (delta < 5000000)
+        .yellow
+    else
+        .red;
+    var duration_buf: [256]u8 = undefined;
+    const formatted_duration = try std.fmt.bufPrint(
+        &duration_buf,
+        "{}",
+        .{std.fmt.fmtDurationSigned(delta)},
+    );
+    return try colorize(color, buf, formatted_duration, true);
+}

cli/commands/auth.zig

@@ -5,17 +5,16 @@ const util = @import("../util.zig");
 /// Command line options for the `update` command.
 pub const Options = struct {
     pub const meta = .{
-        .usage_summary = "[password]",
+        .usage_summary = "[init|create]",
         .full_text =
-        \\Generates a password
+        \\Manage user authentication. Initialize with `init` to generate a users table migration.
+        \\
         \\Example:
         \\
-        \\  jetzig update
-        \\  jetzig update web
+        \\  jetzig auth init
+        \\  jetzig auth create bob@jetzig.dev
         ,
-        .option_docs = .{
-            .path = "Set the output path relative to the current directory (default: current directory)",
-        },
+        .option_docs = .{},
     };
 };
 
@@ -32,9 +31,10 @@ pub fn run(
     defer arena.deinit();
     const allocator = arena.allocator();
 
-    const Action = enum { user_create };
+    const Action = enum { init, create };
     const map = std.StaticStringMap(Action).initComptime(.{
-        .{ "user:create", .user_create },
+        .{ "init", .init },
+        .{ "create", .create },
     });
 
     const action = if (main_options.positionals.len > 0)
@@ -55,7 +55,20 @@ pub fn run(
         break :blk error.JetzigCommandError;
     } else if (action) |capture|
         switch (capture) {
-            .user_create => blk: {
+            .init => {
+                const argv = [_][]const u8{
+                    "jetzig",
+                    "generate",
+                    "migration",
+                    "create_users",
+                    "table:users",
+                    "column:email:string:index:unique",
+                    "column:password_hash:string",
+                };
+                try util.runCommand(allocator, &argv);
+                try util.print(.success, "Migration created. Run `jetzig database update` to run migration and reflect database.", .{});
+            },
+            .create => blk: {
                 if (sub_args.len < 1) {
                     std.debug.print("Missing argument. Expected an email/username parameter.\n", .{});
                     break :blk error.JetzigCommandError;

cli/commands/bundle.zig

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ pub fn run(
     const tmpdir_real_path = try tmpdir.realpathAlloc(allocator, ".");
     defer allocator.free(tmpdir_real_path);
 
-    try util.runCommand(allocator, tmpdir_real_path, tar_argv.items);
+    try util.runCommandInDir(allocator, tar_argv.items, .{ .path = tmpdir_real_path });
 
     switch (builtin.os.tag) {
         .windows => {},
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ fn zig_build_install(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, path: []const u8, options: Op
     defer project_dir.close();
     project_dir.makePath(".bundle") catch {};
 
-    try util.runCommand(allocator, path, install_argv.items);
+    try util.runCommandInDir(allocator, install_argv.items, .{ .path = path });
 
     const install_bin_path = try std.fs.path.join(allocator, &[_][]const u8{ ".bundle", "bin" });
     defer allocator.free(install_bin_path);

cli/commands/database.zig

@@ -9,12 +9,15 @@ const rollback = @import("database/rollback.zig");
 const create = @import("database/create.zig");
 const drop = @import("database/drop.zig");
 const reflect = @import("database/reflect.zig");
+const update = @import("database/update.zig");
+const setup = @import("database/setup.zig");
+
 pub const confirm_drop_env = "JETZIG_DROP_PRODUCTION_DATABASE";
 
 /// Command line options for the `database` command.
 pub const Options = struct {
     pub const meta = .{
-        .usage_summary = "[migrate|rollback|create|drop|reflect]",
+        .usage_summary = "[setup|create|drop|migrate|rollback|reflect|update]",
         .full_text =
         \\Manage the application's database.
         \\
@@ -38,13 +41,15 @@ pub fn run(
     defer arena.deinit();
     const alloc = arena.allocator();
 
-    const Action = enum { migrate, rollback, create, drop, reflect };
+    const Action = enum { migrate, rollback, create, drop, reflect, update, setup };
     const map = std.StaticStringMap(Action).initComptime(.{
         .{ "migrate", .migrate },
         .{ "rollback", .rollback },
         .{ "create", .create },
         .{ "drop", .drop },
         .{ "reflect", .reflect },
+        .{ "update", .update },
+        .{ "setup", .setup },
     });
 
     const action = if (main_options.positionals.len > 0)
@@ -73,6 +78,8 @@ pub fn run(
             .create => create.run(alloc, cwd, sub_args, options, T, main_options),
             .drop => drop.run(alloc, cwd, sub_args, options, T, main_options),
             .reflect => reflect.run(alloc, cwd, sub_args, options, T, main_options),
+            .update => update.run(alloc, cwd, sub_args, options, T, main_options),
+            .setup => setup.run(alloc, cwd, sub_args, options, T, main_options),
         };
     };
 }

cli/commands/database/setup.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const cli = @import("../../cli.zig");
+const util = @import("../../util.zig");
+
+pub fn run(
+    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    cwd: std.fs.Dir,
+    args: []const []const u8,
+    options: cli.database.Options,
+    T: type,
+    main_options: T,
+) !void {
+    _ = cwd;
+    _ = options;
+    if (main_options.options.help or args.len != 0) {
+        std.debug.print(
+            \\Set up a database: create a database, run migrations, reflect schema.
+            \\
+            \\Convenience wrapper for:
+            \\
+            \\* jetzig database create
+            \\* jetzig database update
+            \\
+            \\Example:
+            \\
+            \\  jetzig database setup
+            \\  jetzig --environment=testing setup
+            \\
+        , .{});
+
+        return if (main_options.options.help) {} else error.JetzigCommandError;
+    }
+
+    const env = main_options.options.environment;
+    try runCommand(allocator, env, "create");
+    try runCommand(allocator, env, "migrate");
+    try runCommand(allocator, env, "reflect");
+
+    try util.print(
+        .success,
+        "Database created, migrations applied, and Schema generated successfully.",
+        .{},
+    );
+}
+
+fn runCommand(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, environment: anytype, comptime action: []const u8) !void {
+    try util.runCommand(allocator, &.{
+        "zig",
+        "build",
+        util.environmentBuildOption(environment),
+        "jetzig:database:" ++ action,
+    });
+}

cli/commands/database/update.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const cli = @import("../../cli.zig");
+const util = @import("../../util.zig");
+
+pub fn run(
+    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    cwd: std.fs.Dir,
+    args: []const []const u8,
+    options: cli.database.Options,
+    T: type,
+    main_options: T,
+) !void {
+    _ = cwd;
+    _ = options;
+    if (main_options.options.help or args.len != 0) {
+        std.debug.print(
+            \\Update a database: run migrations and reflect schema.
+            \\
+            \\Convenience wrapper for `jetzig database migrate` and `jetzig database reflect`.
+            \\
+            \\Example:
+            \\
+            \\  jetzig database update
+            \\  jetzig --environment=testing update
+            \\
+        , .{});
+
+        return if (main_options.options.help) {} else error.JetzigCommandError;
+    }
+
+    try util.runCommand(allocator, &.{
+        "zig",
+        "build",
+        util.environmentBuildOption(main_options.options.environment),
+        "jetzig:database:migrate",
+    });
+
+    try util.runCommand(allocator, &.{
+        "zig",
+        "build",
+        util.environmentBuildOption(main_options.options.environment),
+        "jetzig:database:reflect",
+    });
+}

cli/commands/generate/job.zig

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn run(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cwd: std.fs.Dir, args: [][]const u8, he
         \\//
         \\// Arguments:
         \\// * allocator: Arena allocator for use during the job execution process.
-        \\// * params:    Params assigned to a job (from a request, any values added to `data`).
+        \\// * params:    Params assigned to a job (from a request, values added to response data).
         \\// * env:       Provides the following fields:
         \\//              - logger:      Logger attached to the same stream as the Jetzig server.
         \\//              - environment: Enum of `{ production, development }`.

cli/commands/init.zig

@@ -194,12 +194,16 @@ pub fn run(
         null,
     );
 
-    try util.runCommand(allocator, realpath, &[_][]const u8{
+    try util.runCommandInDir(
+        allocator,
+        &[_][]const u8{
             "zig",
             "fetch",
             "--save",
             github_url,
-    });
+        },
+        .{ .dir = install_dir },
+    );
 
     // TODO: Use arg or interactive prompt to do Git setup in net project, default to no.
     // const git_setup = false;
@@ -322,22 +326,34 @@ fn promptInput(
 
 // Initialize a new Git repository when setting up a new project (optional).
 fn gitSetup(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, install_dir: *std.fs.Dir) !void {
-    try util.runCommand(allocator, install_dir, &[_][]const u8{
+    try util.runCommandInDir(
+        allocator,
+        &[_][]const u8{
             "git",
             "init",
             ".",
-    });
+        },
+        .{ .path = install_dir },
+    );
 
-    try util.runCommand(allocator, install_dir, &[_][]const u8{
+    try util.runCommandInDir(
+        allocator,
+        &[_][]const u8{
             "git",
             "add",
             ".",
-    });
+        },
+        .{ .path = install_dir },
+    );
 
-    try util.runCommand(allocator, install_dir, &[_][]const u8{
+    try util.runCommandInDir(
+        allocator,
+        &[_][]const u8{
             "git",
             "commit",
             "-m",
             "Initialize Jetzig project",
-    });
+        },
+        .{ .path = install_dir },
+    );
 }

cli/commands/server.zig

@@ -63,9 +63,8 @@ pub fn run(
     );
 
     while (true) {
-        util.runCommand(
+        util.runCommandInDir(
             allocator,
-            realpath,
             &.{
                 "zig",
                 "build",
@@ -75,6 +74,7 @@ pub fn run(
                 "--color",
                 "on",
             },
+            .{ .path = realpath },
         ) catch {
             std.debug.print("Build failed, waiting for file change...\n", .{});
             try awaitFileChange(allocator, cwd, &mtime);

cli/commands/update.zig

@@ -55,18 +55,15 @@ pub fn run(
     const save_arg = try std.mem.concat(allocator, u8, &[_][]const u8{ "--save=", name });
     defer allocator.free(save_arg);
 
-    var cwd = try util.detectJetzigProjectDir();
-    defer cwd.close();
-
-    const realpath = try std.fs.realpathAlloc(allocator, ".");
-    defer allocator.free(realpath);
-
-    try util.runCommand(allocator, realpath, &[_][]const u8{
+    try util.runCommand(
+        allocator,
+        &[_][]const u8{
             "zig",
             "fetch",
             save_arg,
             github_url,
-    });
+        },
+    );
 
     std.debug.print(
         \\Update complete.

cli/util.zig

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const builtin = @import("builtin");
 
 const cli = @import("cli.zig");
+const colors = @import("colors.zig");
 
 /// Decode a base64 string, used for parsing out build artifacts generated by the CLI program's
 /// build.zig which are stored in the executable as a module.
@@ -16,14 +17,35 @@ pub fn base64Decode(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, input: []const u8) ![]const u8
     return ptr;
 }
 
+const icons = .{
+    .check = "✅",
+    .cross = "❌",
+};
+
 /// Print a success confirmation.
 pub fn printSuccess() void {
-    std.debug.print(" ✅\n", .{});
+    std.debug.print(" " ++ icons.check ++ "\n", .{});
 }
 
 /// Print a failure confirmation.
 pub fn printFailure() void {
-    std.debug.print(" ❌\n", .{});
+    std.debug.print(" " ++ icons.cross ++ "\n", .{});
+}
+
+const PrintContext = enum { success, failure };
+/// Print some output in with a given context to stderr.
+pub fn print(comptime context: PrintContext, comptime message: []const u8, args: anytype) !void {
+    const writer = std.io.getStdErr().writer();
+    switch (context) {
+        .success => try writer.print(
+            std.fmt.comptimePrint("{s} {s}\n", .{ icons.check, colors.green(message) }),
+            args,
+        ),
+        .failure => try writer.print(
+            std.fmt.comptimePrint("{s} {s}\n", .{ icons.cross, colors.red(message) }),
+            args,
+        ),
+    }
 }
 
 /// Detects a Jetzig project directory either in the current directory or one of its parent
@@ -126,9 +148,32 @@ pub fn runCommandStreaming(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, install_path: []const u
     _ = try child.wait();
 }
 
-/// Runs a command as a child process and verifies successful exit code.
-pub fn runCommand(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, install_path: []const u8, argv: []const []const u8) !void {
-    const result = try std.process.Child.run(.{ .allocator = allocator, .argv = argv, .cwd = install_path });
+/// Runs a command as a child process in Jetzig project directory and verifies successful exit
+/// code.
+pub fn runCommand(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, argv: []const []const u8) !void {
+    var dir = try detectJetzigProjectDir();
+    defer dir.close();
+    try runCommandInDir(allocator, argv, .{ .dir = dir });
+}
+
+const Dir = union(enum) {
+    path: []const u8,
+    dir: std.fs.Dir,
+};
+
+/// Runs a command as a child process in the given directory and verifies successful exit code.
+pub fn runCommandInDir(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, argv: []const []const u8, dir: Dir) !void {
+    const cwd_path = switch (dir) {
+        .path => |capture| capture,
+        .dir => |capture| try capture.realpathAlloc(allocator, "."),
+    };
+    defer if (dir == .dir) allocator.free(cwd_path);
+
+    const result = try std.process.Child.run(.{
+        .allocator = allocator,
+        .argv = argv,
+        .cwd = cwd_path,
+    });
     defer allocator.free(result.stdout);
     defer allocator.free(result.stderr);
 

demo/src/app/mailers/welcome.zig

@@ -28,12 +28,11 @@ pub const defaults: jetzig.mail.DefaultMailParams = .{
 pub fn deliver(
     allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
     mail: *jetzig.mail.MailParams,
-    data: *jetzig.data.Data,
     params: *jetzig.data.Value,
     env: jetzig.jobs.JobEnv,
 ) !void {
     _ = allocator;
-    try params.put("email_message", data.string("Custom email message"));
+    try params.put("email_message", "Custom email message");
 
     try env.logger.INFO("Delivering email with subject: '{?s}'", .{mail.get(.subject)});
 }

demo/src/app/views/custom/foo.zig

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 const jetzig = @import("jetzig");
 
-pub fn bar(id: []const u8, request: *jetzig.Request, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
-    var root = try data.object();
-    try root.put("id", data.string(id));
+pub fn bar(id: []const u8, request: *jetzig.Request) !jetzig.View {
+    var root = try request.data(.object);
+    try root.put("id", id);
     return request.render(.ok);
 }

demo/src/app/views/file_upload.zig

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const jetzig = @import("jetzig");
 
-pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
-    _ = data;
+pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request) !jetzig.View {
     return request.render(.ok);
 }
 
-pub fn post(request: *jetzig.Request, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
-    var root = try data.root(.object);
+pub fn post(request: *jetzig.Request) !jetzig.View {
+    var root = try request.data(.object);
 
     const params = try request.params();
 

demo/src/app/views/kvstore.zig

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const jetzig = @import("jetzig");
 
 /// This example demonstrates usage of Jetzig's KV store.
-pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
-    var root = try data.object();
+pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request) !jetzig.View {
+    var root = try request.data(.object);
 
     // Fetch a string from the KV store. If it exists, store it in the root data object,
     // otherwise store a string value to be picked up by the next request.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
         try root.put("stored_string", capture);
     } else {
         try root.put("stored_string", null);
-        try request.store.put("example-key", data.string("example-value"));
+        try request.store.put("example-key", "example-value");
     }
 
     // Left-pop an item from an array and store it in the root data object. This will empty the
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
         try root.put("popped", value);
     } else {
         // Store some values in an array in the KV store.
-        try request.store.append("example-array", data.string("hello"));
-        try request.store.append("example-array", data.string("goodbye"));
-        try request.store.append("example-array", data.string("hello again"));
+        try request.store.append("example-array", "hello");
+        try request.store.append("example-array", "goodbye");
+        try request.store.append("example-array", "hello again");
 
         try root.put("popped", null);
     }

demo/src/app/views/nested/route/example.zig

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const jetzig = @import("jetzig");
 
-pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
-    _ = data;
+pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request) !jetzig.View {
     return request.render(.ok);
 }
 
@@ -13,9 +12,9 @@ pub const static_params = .{
     },
 };
 
-pub fn get(id: []const u8, request: *jetzig.StaticRequest, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
-    var object = try data.object();
-    try object.put("id", data.string(id));
+pub fn get(id: []const u8, request: *jetzig.StaticRequest) !jetzig.View {
+    var object = try request.data(.object);
+    try object.put("id", id);
     const params = try request.params();
     if (params.get("foo")) |value| try object.put("foo", value);
     return request.render(.ok);

demo/src/app/views/params.zig

@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@ test "post query params" {
         },
     });
     try response2.expectStatus(.unprocessable_entity);
+
+    const response3 = try app.request(.POST, "/params", .{
+        .params = .{
+            .name = "", // empty param
+            .favorite_animal = "raccoon",
+        },
+    });
+    try response3.expectStatus(.unprocessable_entity);
 }
 
 test "post json" {

demo/src/app/views/redirect.zig

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const jetzig = @import("jetzig");
 
-pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request, data: *jetzig.Data) !jetzig.View {
-    _ = data;
+pub fn index(request: *jetzig.Request) !jetzig.View {
     const params = try request.params();
     if (params.get("redirect")) |location| {
         switch (location.*) {
-            // Value is `.Null` when param is empty, e.g.:
+            // Value is `.null` when param is empty, e.g.:
             // `http://localhost:8080/redirect?redirect`
-            .Null => return request.redirect("http://www.example.com/", .moved_permanently),
+            .null => return request.redirect("http://www.example.com/", .moved_permanently),
             // Value is `.string` when param is present, e.g.:
             // `http://localhost:8080/redirect?redirect=https://jetzig.dev/`
             .string => |string| return request.redirect(string.value, .moved_permanently),

src/commands/database.zig

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const jetzig = @import("jetzig");
 const Migrate = @import("jetquery_migrate").Migrate;
 const MigrateSchema = @import("jetquery_migrate").MigrateSchema;
 const Schema = @import("Schema");
+const util = @import("util.zig");
 
 const confirm_drop_env = "JETZIG_DROP_PRODUCTION_DATABASE";
 const production_drop_failure_message = "To drop a production database, " ++
@@ -20,6 +21,15 @@ pub fn main() !void {
     var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){};
     defer std.debug.assert(gpa.deinit() == .ok);
 
+    if (comptime !@hasField(@TypeOf(config), "adapter") or config.adapter == .null) {
+        try util.print(
+            .failure,
+            "Database is currently not configured. Update `config/database.zig` before running database commands.",
+            .{},
+        );
+        std.process.exit(1);
+    }
+
     const gpa_allocator = gpa.allocator();
     var arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(gpa_allocator);
     defer arena.deinit();

src/commands/util.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const colors = @import("jetzig").colors;
+
+const icons = .{
+    .check = "✅",
+    .cross = "❌",
+};
+
+/// Print a success confirmation.
+pub fn printSuccess() void {
+    std.debug.print(" " ++ icons.check ++ "\n", .{});
+}
+
+/// Print a failure confirmation.
+pub fn printFailure() void {
+    std.debug.print(" " ++ icons.cross ++ "\n", .{});
+}
+
+const PrintContext = enum { success, failure };
+/// Print some output in with a given context to stderr.
+pub fn print(comptime context: PrintContext, comptime message: []const u8, args: anytype) !void {
+    const writer = std.io.getStdErr().writer();
+    switch (context) {
+        .success => try writer.print(
+            std.fmt.comptimePrint("{s} {s}\n", .{ icons.check, colors.green(message) }),
+            args,
+        ),
+        .failure => try writer.print(
+            std.fmt.comptimePrint("{s} {s}\n", .{ icons.cross, colors.red(message) }),
+            args,
+        ),
+    }
+}

src/jetzig/http/Query.zig

@@ -186,13 +186,13 @@ test "query string with param without value" {
 
     const foo = data.get("foo").?;
     try switch (foo.*) {
-        .Null => {},
+        .null => {},
         else => std.testing.expect(false),
     };
 
     const bar = data.get("bar").?;
     try switch (bar.*) {
-        .Null => {},
+        .null => {},
         else => std.testing.expect(false),
     };
 }

src/jetzig/http/Request.zig

@@ -60,8 +60,9 @@ pub const RequestStore = struct {
     }
 
     /// Get a String from the store.
-    pub fn put(self: RequestStore, key: []const u8, value: *jetzig.data.Value) !void {
-        try self.store.put(key, value);
+    pub fn put(self: RequestStore, key: []const u8, value: anytype) !void {
+        const alloc = (try self.data()).allocator();
+        try self.store.put(key, try jetzig.Data.zmplValue(value, alloc));
     }
 
     /// Remove a String to from the key-value store and return it if found.
@@ -75,13 +76,15 @@ pub const RequestStore = struct {
     }
 
     /// Append a Value to the end of an Array in the key-value store.
-    pub fn append(self: RequestStore, key: []const u8, value: *jetzig.data.Value) !void {
-        try self.store.append(key, value);
+    pub fn append(self: RequestStore, key: []const u8, value: anytype) !void {
+        const alloc = (try self.data()).allocator();
+        try self.store.append(key, try jetzig.Data.zmplValue(value, alloc));
     }
 
     /// Prepend a Value to the start of an Array in the key-value store.
-    pub fn prepend(self: RequestStore, key: []const u8, value: *jetzig.data.Value) !void {
-        try self.store.prepend(key, value);
+    pub fn prepend(self: RequestStore, key: []const u8, value: anytype) !void {
+        const alloc = (try self.data()).allocator();
+        try self.store.prepend(key, try jetzig.Data.zmplValue(value, alloc));
     }
 
     /// Pop a String from an Array in the key-value store.
@@ -660,7 +663,7 @@ pub fn joinPath(self: *const Request, args: anytype) ![]const u8 {
                     @compileError("Cannot coerce type `" ++ @typeName(field.type) ++ "` to string."),
                 else => args[index], // Assume []const u8, let Zig do the work.
             },
-            .int, .float => try std.fmt.allocPrint(self.allocator, "{d}", args[index]),
+            .int, .float => try std.fmt.allocPrint(self.allocator, "{d}", .{args[index]}),
             else => @compileError("Cannot coerce type `" ++ @typeName(field.type) ++ "` to string."),
         };
     }

src/jetzig/http/Server.zig

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ fn renderResponse(self: *Server, request: *jetzig.http.Request) !void {
     const static_resource = self.matchStaticResource(request) catch |err| {
         if (isUnhandledError(err)) return err;
 
-        const rendered = try self.renderInternalServerError(request, err);
+        const rendered = try self.renderInternalServerError(request, @errorReturnTrace(), err);
         request.setResponse(rendered, .{});
         return;
     };
@@ -220,7 +220,11 @@ fn renderHTML(
         if (zmpl.findPrefixed("views", matched_route.template)) |template| {
             const rendered = self.renderView(matched_route, request, template) catch |err| {
                 if (isUnhandledError(err)) return err;
-                const rendered_error = try self.renderInternalServerError(request, err);
+                const rendered_error = try self.renderInternalServerError(
+                    request,
+                    @errorReturnTrace(),
+                    err,
+                );
                 return request.setResponse(rendered_error, .{});
             };
             return request.setResponse(rendered, .{});
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ fn renderHTML(
             // assigned in a view.
             const rendered = self.renderView(matched_route, request, null) catch |err| {
                 if (isUnhandledError(err)) return err;
-                const rendered_error = try self.renderInternalServerError(request, err);
+                const rendered_error = try self.renderInternalServerError(request, @errorReturnTrace(), err);
                 return request.setResponse(rendered_error, .{});
             };
 
@@ -296,10 +300,9 @@ fn renderView(
     // `return request.render(.ok)`, but the actual rendered view is stored in
     // `request.rendered_view`.
     _ = route.render(route, request) catch |err| {
-        try self.logger.ERROR("Encountered error: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
         if (isUnhandledError(err)) return err;
         if (isBadRequest(err)) return try self.renderBadRequest(request);
-        return try self.renderInternalServerError(request, err);
+        return try self.renderInternalServerError(request, @errorReturnTrace(), err);
     };
 
     if (request.failed) {
@@ -414,10 +417,15 @@ fn isBadHttpError(err: anyerror) bool {
     };
 }
 
-fn renderInternalServerError(self: *Server, request: *jetzig.http.Request, err: anyerror) !RenderedView {
+fn renderInternalServerError(
+    self: *Server,
+    request: *jetzig.http.Request,
+    stack_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace,
+    err: anyerror,
+) !RenderedView {
     request.response_data.reset();
 
-    try self.logger.logError(err);
+    try self.logger.logError(stack_trace, err);
 
     const status = .internal_server_error;
     return try self.renderError(request, status);
@@ -460,13 +468,11 @@ fn renderErrorView(
 
             _ = route.render(route.*, request) catch |err| {
                 if (isUnhandledError(err)) return err;
-                try self.logger.logError(err);
+                try self.logger.logError(@errorReturnTrace(), err);
                 try self.logger.ERROR(
                     "Unexepected error occurred while rendering error page: {s}",
                     .{@errorName(err)},
                 );
-                const stack = @errorReturnTrace();
-                if (stack) |capture| try self.logStackTrace(capture, request.allocator);
                 return try renderDefaultError(request, status_code);
             };
 

src/jetzig/http/StaticRequest.zig

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 const std = @import("std");
-const Self = @This();
+const StaticRequest = @This();
 const jetzig = @import("../../jetzig.zig");
 
 response_data: *jetzig.data.Data,
 allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
 json: []const u8,
 
-pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, json: []const u8) !Self {
+pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, json: []const u8) !StaticRequest {
     return .{
         .allocator = allocator,
         .response_data = try allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data),
@@ -14,31 +14,35 @@ pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, json: []const u8) !Self {
     };
 }
 
-pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+pub fn deinit(self: *StaticRequest) void {
     _ = self;
 }
 
-pub fn render(self: *Self, status_code: jetzig.http.status_codes.StatusCode) jetzig.views.View {
+pub fn render(self: *StaticRequest, status_code: jetzig.http.status_codes.StatusCode) jetzig.views.View {
     return .{ .data = self.response_data, .status_code = status_code };
 }
 
-pub fn resourceId(self: *Self) ![]const u8 {
-    var data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
-    data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
-    defer self.allocator.destroy(data);
-    defer data.deinit();
+pub fn data(self: *StaticRequest, comptime root: @TypeOf(.enum_literal)) !*jetzig.Data.Value {
+    return try self.response_data.root(root);
+}
 
-    try data.fromJson(self.json);
+pub fn resourceId(self: *StaticRequest) ![]const u8 {
+    var params_data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
+    params_data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
+    defer self.allocator.destroy(params_data);
+    defer params_data.deinit();
+
+    try params_data.fromJson(self.json);
     // Routes generator rejects missing `.id` option so this should always be present.
     // Note that static requests are never rendered at runtime so we can be unsafe here and risk
     // failing a build (which would not be coherent if we allowed it to complete).
-    return try self.allocator.dupe(u8, data.value.?.get("id").?.string.value);
+    return try self.allocator.dupe(u8, params_data.value.?.get("id").?.string.value);
 }
 
 /// Returns the static params defined by `pub const static_params` in the relevant view.
-pub fn params(self: *Self) !*jetzig.data.Value {
-    var data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
-    data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
-    try data.fromJson(self.json);
-    return data.value.?.get("params") orelse data.object();
+pub fn params(self: *StaticRequest) !*jetzig.data.Value {
+    var params_data = try self.allocator.create(jetzig.data.Data);
+    params_data.* = jetzig.data.Data.init(self.allocator);
+    try params_data.fromJson(self.json);
+    return params_data.value.?.get("params") orelse params_data.object();
 }

src/jetzig/http/params.zig

@@ -13,7 +13,13 @@ pub fn expectParams(request: *jetzig.http.Request, T: type) !?T {
     var failed = false;
 
     inline for (fields, 0..) |field, index| {
-        if (actual_params.get(field.name)) |value| {
+        var maybe_value = actual_params.get(field.name);
+
+        if (isBlank(maybe_value)) {
+            maybe_value = null;
+        }
+
+        if (maybe_value) |value| {
             switch (@typeInfo(field.type)) {
                 .optional => |info| if (value.coerce(info.child)) |coerced| {
                     @field(t, field.name) = coerced;
@@ -66,6 +72,12 @@ pub fn expectParams(request: *jetzig.http.Request, T: type) !?T {
     return t;
 }
 
+fn isBlank(maybe_value: ?*const jetzig.Data.Value) bool {
+    if (maybe_value) |value| {
+        return value.* == .string and jetzig.util.strip(value.string.value).len == 0;
+    } else return true;
+}
+
 /// See `Request.paramsInfo`.
 pub const ParamsInfo = struct {
     params: std.BoundedArray(ParamInfo, 1024),

src/jetzig/kv/Store.zig

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *Store) void {
     self.store.deinit();
 }
 
-/// Put a Value or into the key-value store.
+/// Put a or into the key-value store.
 pub fn put(self: *Store, key: []const u8, value: *jetzig.data.Value) !void {
     try self.store.put(key, try value.toJson());
 }

src/jetzig/loggers.zig

@@ -83,9 +83,13 @@ pub const Logger = union(enum) {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn logError(self: *const Logger, err: anyerror) !void {
+    pub fn logError(
+        self: *const Logger,
+        stack_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace,
+        err: anyerror,
+    ) !void {
         switch (self.*) {
-            inline else => |*logger| try logger.logError(err),
+            inline else => |*logger| try logger.logError(stack_trace, err),
         }
     }
 

src/jetzig/loggers/DevelopmentLogger.zig

@@ -238,17 +238,13 @@ fn printSql(self: *const DevelopmentLogger, sql: []const u8) !void {
     try self.print(.INFO, "{s}", .{stream.getWritten()});
 }
 
-pub fn logError(self: *const DevelopmentLogger, err: anyerror) !void {
-    if (@errorReturnTrace()) |stack| {
-        try self.log(.ERROR, "\nStack Trace:\n{}", .{stack});
-        var buf = std.ArrayList(u8).init(self.allocator);
-        defer buf.deinit();
-        const writer = buf.writer();
-        try stack.format("", .{}, writer);
-        try self.logger.ERROR("{s}\n", .{buf.items});
-    }
-
+pub fn logError(self: *const DevelopmentLogger, stack_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace, err: anyerror) !void {
+    if (stack_trace) |stack| {
         try self.log(.ERROR, "Encountered Error: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        try self.log(.ERROR, "Stack trace:\n{}", .{stack});
+    } else {
+        try self.log(.ERROR, "Encountered Error: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+    }
 }
 
 fn logFile(self: DevelopmentLogger, comptime level: jetzig.loggers.LogLevel) std.fs.File {

src/jetzig/loggers/JsonLogger.zig

@@ -112,7 +112,13 @@ pub fn logSql(self: *const JsonLogger, event: jetzig.jetquery.events.Event) !voi
     try self.log_queue.print("{s}\n", .{stream.getWritten()}, .stdout);
 }
 
-pub fn logError(self: *const JsonLogger, err: anyerror) !void {
+pub fn logError(
+    self: *const JsonLogger,
+    stack_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace,
+    err: anyerror,
+) !void {
+    // TODO: Format this as JSON and include line number/column if available.
+    _ = stack_trace;
     try self.log(.ERROR, "Encountered error: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
 }
 

src/jetzig/loggers/NullLogger.zig

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ pub inline fn logRequest(self: @This(), request: *const jetzig.http.Request) !vo
     _ = request;
 }
 
-pub inline fn logError(self: @This(), err: anyerror) !void {
+pub inline fn logError(self: @This(), stack_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace, err: anyerror) !void {
     _ = self;
+    _ = stack_trace;
     std.debug.print("Error: {s}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
 }

src/jetzig/loggers/ProductionLogger.zig

@@ -141,6 +141,8 @@ const sql_tokens = .{
     "VALUES",
 };
 
-pub fn logError(self: *const ProductionLogger, err: anyerror) !void {
+pub fn logError(self: *const ProductionLogger, stack_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace, err: anyerror) !void {
+    // TODO: Include line number/column if available.
+    _ = stack_trace;
     try self.log(.ERROR, "Encountered Error: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
 }

src/jetzig/loggers/TestLogger.zig

@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ pub fn logSql(self: TestLogger, event: jetzig.jetquery.events.Event) !void {
     try self.log(.INFO, "[database] {?s}", .{event.sql});
 }
 
-pub fn logError(self: TestLogger, err: anyerror) !void {
+pub fn logError(self: TestLogger, stack_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace, err: anyerror) !void {
+    // TODO: Output useful debug info from stack trace
+    _ = stack_trace;
     try self.log(.ERROR, "Encountered error: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
 }
 

src/jetzig/mail/Job.zig

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ const jetzig = @import("../../jetzig.zig");
 /// Default Mail Job. Send an email with the given params in the background.
 pub fn run(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, params: *jetzig.data.Value, env: jetzig.jobs.JobEnv) !void {
     const mailer_name = if (params.get("mailer_name")) |param| switch (param.*) {
-        .Null => null,
+        .null => null,
         .string => |string| string.value,
         else => null,
     } else null;
@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@ pub fn run(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, params: *jetzig.data.Value, env: jetzig
         .defaults = mailer.defaults,
     };
 
-    var data = jetzig.data.Data.init(allocator);
-
-    try mailer.deliverFn(allocator, &mail_params, &data, params.get("params").?, env);
+    try mailer.deliverFn(allocator, &mail_params, params.get("params").?, env);
 
     const mail = jetzig.mail.Mail.init(allocator, env, .{
         .subject = mail_params.get(.subject) orelse "(No subject)",
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ pub fn run(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, params: *jetzig.data.Value, env: jetzig
 fn resolveSubject(subject: ?*const jetzig.data.Value) ?[]const u8 {
     if (subject) |capture| {
         return switch (capture.*) {
-            .Null => null,
+            .null => null,
             .string => |string| string.value,
             else => unreachable,
         };
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ fn resolveSubject(subject: ?*const jetzig.data.Value) ?[]const u8 {
 
 fn resolveFrom(from: ?*const jetzig.data.Value) ?[]const u8 {
     return if (from) |capture| switch (capture.*) {
-        .Null => null,
+        .null => null,
         .string => |string| string.value,
         else => unreachable,
     } else null;
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ fn resolveText(
 ) !?[]const u8 {
     if (text) |capture| {
         return switch (capture.*) {
-            .Null => try defaultText(allocator, mailer, params),
+            .null => try defaultText(allocator, mailer, params),
             .string => |string| string.value,
             else => unreachable,
         };
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ fn resolveHtml(
 ) !?[]const u8 {
     if (text) |capture| {
         return switch (capture.*) {
-            .Null => try defaultHtml(allocator, mailer, params),
+            .null => try defaultHtml(allocator, mailer, params),
             .string => |string| string.value,
             else => unreachable,
         };

src/jetzig/mail/MailerDefinition.zig

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ const jetzig = @import("../../jetzig.zig");
 pub const DeliverFn = *const fn (
     std.mem.Allocator,
     *jetzig.mail.MailParams,
-    *jetzig.data.Data,
     *jetzig.data.Value,
     jetzig.jobs.JobEnv,
 ) anyerror!void;

src/jetzig/testing.zig

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ pub fn expectJson(expected_path: []const u8, expected_value: anytype, response:
                 },
                 else => {},
             },
-            .Null => switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(expected_value))) {
+            .null => switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(expected_value))) {
                 .optional => {
                     if (expected_value == null) return;
                 },
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ pub fn expectJson(expected_path: []const u8, expected_value: anytype, response:
                     else => unreachable,
                 }
             },
-            .Null => {
+            .null => {
                 logFailure(
                     "Expected value in " ++ jetzig.colors.cyan("{s}") ++ ", found " ++ jetzig.colors.green("null") ++ "\nJSON:" ++ json_banner,
                     .{ expected_path, try jsonPretty(response) },